Archbold Biological Station
P.O. Box 2057 
Lake Placid, Florida 33862 USA
Phone: 863-465-2571 FAX: 863-699-1927
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Archbold Biological Station |
Plants of Archbold Biological
Station,
Highlands County, Florida
by
Eric S. Menges, Carl W. Weekley, Rebecca Yahr,
Christopher Brand, and Dorothy Mundell
2000
Plant List
Introduction | Ferns & allies | Gymnosperms
| Monocots | Dicots
Families are in alphabetical order
The Xyridaceae are at the end of the
Dicots, in error
Images for many of these species (and range maps for all) are availabe at the "Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants" of the Institute for Systematic Botany, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa. You may search by scientific name or browse by family.
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
Life History |
Flower- ing Period |
Distribution | Habitat at ABS | Distri- bution at ABS |
| FERNS & FERN ALLIES | ||||||
| BLECHNACEAE | ||||||
| Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich. | Swamp Fern | Perennial, terrestrial, creeping rhizomes | All year | FL, West Indies, American tropics | Occasional Lake Annie shore, swamps, ditches in pine flatwoods & main grounds | SW, Hufty, Harris, Price, Watters |
| Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith (Anchistea virginica (L.) C. Presl.) | Virginia Chain Fern | Perennial, terrestrial | Jan.-Jun. | e US to FL on Coastal Plain, West Indies, Bermuda | Occasional to abundant in swales, along shore of Lake Annie & in seasonal ponds | SW,NW,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| DENNSTAEDTIACEAE | ||||||
| Hypolepis repens (L.) Presl | Flakelet Fern | Perennial, terrestrial | Summer-Fall | c & s FL, West Indies, S. America | Rare | Price |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Pteris caudata L.) | Bracken Fern | Perennial, rhizomatous | All year | Cosmopolitan, temperate & tropical regions; several geographical varieties | Locally common in scrub, scrubby flatwoods, sandhill & disturbed areas | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, Hufty, Price |
| LYCOPODIACEAE | ||||||
| Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill (Lycopodium alopecuroides L.) | Foxtail Clubmoss | Perennial, homosporous | Sep.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS & NY, S. America | Local in seasonal ponds within bayheads & moist low flatwoods | NW |
| Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill (Lycopodium appressa (Chapm.) F.E. Loyd & Underw.) | Southern Clubmoss | Perennial, homosporous | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, N. England & LA | Local in seasonal ponds within bayheads & moist low flatwoods | NW |
| Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pic. Serm. | Slender Clubmoss | All year | FL, GA, AL, VA | Rare, on moist muck, North shore of Lake Annie | Hufty | |
| NEPHROLEPIDACEAE | ||||||
| Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott | Boston Fern, Wild Boston Fern | Perennial, terrestrial or epiphytic | All year | peninsular FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, pantropical | Common along margins of palmetto scrub, main grounds | SW, Price |
| OSMUNDACEAE | ||||||
| Osmunda cinnamomea L. | Cinnamon Fern | Perennial, macrophyllous, heteromorphous | Dec.-Feb. | FL to TX, NM, MN, Newfoundland, West Indies, tropical America, Asia; Status: CE | Common in bayheads & very low pine flatwoods | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 30, Hufty, Watters |
| Osmunda regalis (Willd.) A.Gray var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray | Royal Fern | Perennial, macrophyllous, heteromorphous | All year | FL, N. America, West Indies, Mexico, Asia; Status: CE | Common in swamps, occasional in bayheads | SW, NW, Hufty, Price, Harris, Watters |
| PARKERIACEAE | ||||||
| Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron. | Water Horn Fern | Annual, rooted emergent aquatic | Jan.-Jul. | FL, West Indies | Locally common in drainage ditches | SW |
| POLYPODIACEAE | ||||||
| Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Smith (Polypodium aureum L.) | Golden Polypody, Serpent Fern | Perennial, epiphytic or Occasional saxicolous or terrestrial, creeping rootstock | All year | s & c FL, West Indies, Mexico, S. America | On Sabal palmetto & Serenoa repens, Main Dr, Lake Annie shore & main grounds | SE, SW, NE, Hufty |
| Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.)E.G.Andrews & Windham var. michauxiana (Weath.) E.G. Andrews & Windham. (Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt. subsp. michauxianum Weath) | Resurrection Fern | All year | s FL, FL Keys, TX, MO, n to DE West Indies, Mexico, C. & S, America, Africa | Rare epiphyte on oak & hickory in scrubby flatwoods | SW, SE, NE | |
| SALVINIACEAE | ||||||
| Salvinia minima Baker (Salvinia auriculata Aubl., misapplied) (Salvinia rotundifolia Willd., misapplied) | Water Spangles | Perennial, heterosporous, free-floating aquatic | All year | FL, tropical America, Africa | Locally abundant in stagnant water in Acer swamps & among reeds along lakeshores | Hufty, Price, Harris, Watters |
| SCHIZAEACEAE | ||||||
| Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. | Climbing Ferm | Perennial, climber | All Year | EXOTIC | Occasional in stumps of Lake Annie, North Shore | Hufty |
| SELAGINELLACEAE | ||||||
| Selaginella arenicola Underw. (Selaginella arenicola subsp. acanthonota (Underw.) R.M. Tryon) (Selaginella acanthonota Underw.) | Sand Spike Moss | Perennial, microphyllous, heterosporous, alt. of generations | All year | FL, GA, AL, TX | Locally abundant in scrubby flatwoods & rosemary scrub, common on firelanes | All Tracts except Watters & Harris |
| THELYPTERIDACEAE | ||||||
| Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) Iwatsuki (Thelypteris goggilodus (Schkuhr) Small) (Thelypteris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe) | Shield Fern | Perennial, colonial, creeping rootstock | All year | peninsular FL, West Indies, Mexico, C. America, S. America, Old World | Abundant understory in gum swamps | Price |
| Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton (Thelypteris macrorhizoma E.P. St. John) (Thelypteris normalis (C. Christ.) Moxley) (Thelypteris saxatilis R.P. St. John) (Thelypteris unca R.P. St. John) | Southern Shield Fern | Perennial, terrestrial, decumbent rootstock | All year | FL to SC, Gulf States to TX, West Indies, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds, drainage ditches & swales | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 30 |
| VITTARIACEAE | ||||||
| Vittaria lineata (L.) J. Smith | Shoestring Fern | Perennial, epiphyte mostly on Sabal palmetto | All year | s & c FL, disjunct in GA; Mexico to West Indies to Paraguay | Rare epiphyte on Serenoa repens | NW, SW |
| GYMNOSPERMS | ||||||
| PINACEAE | ||||||
| Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg. | Sand Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-sensitive, serotinous cones | Dec.-Feb. | sw FL to s AL, coastal & interior dunes | Common on sandhills, occasional in flatwoods & seasonal pond margins | All except Watters & Harris |
| Pinus elliottii var. densa Little & Dorman (Pinus caribaea Morelet, misapplied) (Pinus heterophylla (Elliott) Sudw.) | South Florida Slash Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-resistant | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to s peninsular FL & FL Keys | Frequent & ubiquitous | All Tracts except Harris |
| Pinus palustris Mill. | Southern Longleaf Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-resistant | Spring | FL to TX, VA | Very rare, sandhills & palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SE, 6, 19E, 31 |
| ZAMIACEAE | ||||||
| Zamia pumila L. (Zamia angustifolia Jacq.) (Zamia floridana A. DC.) (Zamia integrifolia L. f.) (Zamia silvicola Small) (Zamia umbrosa Small) | Coontie, Florida Arrowroot | Perennial, shrub, underground stem | Fall-Winter | FL, FL Keys, West Indies | Planted along Main Drive & sparingly escaping | SE, SW |
| ANGIOSPERMS | ||||||
| MONOCOTS | ||||||
| AGAVACEAE | ||||||
| Nolina brittoniana Nash | Beargrass | Perennial, caudex stem | Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; Status: SE, FE | Rare in scrubby flatwoods, slash pine-turkey oak scrub | SE, NE,7,18,Hufty |
| Yucca filamentosa L. (Yucca filamentosa var. smalliana (Fernald) Ahle) (Yucca flaccida Haw.) | Adam's Needle | Perennial, shrub with woody caudex | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain & adjacent provinces, DE to FL & AL | Occasional in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub, & scrubby flatwoods | SE,SW,7,18,19, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| ALISMATACEAE | ||||||
| Sagittaria graminea J.G.Sm. (Sagittaria chapmanii (J.G. Sm.) C. Mohr.) (Sagittaria cycloptera (J.G. Smith) C. Mohr.) | Coastal Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Nov.-Mar. | FL, AL, GA, to NC, West Indies | Occasional along seasonal pon margins, lake shore & wet swales | SW, 18, Hufty, Hicoria, Price |
| Sagittaria isoetiformis J.G. Smith | Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Summer | s FL, GA | Occasional SE shore of Lake Annie | Price |
| Sagittaria lancifolia L. subsp. lancifolia L. | Giant Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Spring-Fall | US, Mexico, C. America, West Indies | Ditches | Watters |
| AMARYLLIDACEAE | ||||||
| Crinum americanum L. | String-lily | Perennial, bulbous | Summer | Coastal Plain, GA & FL, w to s TX | Common in marsh | Watters |
| Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapm. | Rain-lily | Perennial, bulbous | Apr. | c & s FL; Status: ST | Rare along wet road shoulders | NW, Hicoria |
| ARACEAE | ||||||
| Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott & Endl. | Green Arum | Perennial, monoecious, limnocryptophyte | Apr.-May | Nova Scotia & QU, s to FL & LA; w to Ontario, MI, MO & TX | Common in very wet swales & Acer swamps | 18,30, Hufty, Price, Harris |
| ARECACEAE | ||||||
| Sabal etonia Swingle ex Nash | Scrub Palmetto | Perennial, shrub, protandrous, flowers | May-Jun. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; | Common in scrubby flatwoods, turkey oak sandhills, scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | All Tracts except Harris, Watters |
| Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schultes | Cabbage Palm | Perennial, tree | Spring-Summer | Coastal Plain, FL to NC, West Indies | Occasional, sparingly escaping along Hill Drive, occasional in bayheads | SE,NE,NW. Along ditches, Hufty |
| Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small | Saw Palmetto | Perennial, shrub, clonal with large, persistent rhizomes | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Common except absent from some bayheads, swales, seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Harris |
| BROMELIACEAE | ||||||
| Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. & J.H. Schult. | Cuttlefish | Perennial, acaulescent, rootless, epiphyte | All year | FL, Mexico to Panama, West Indies, & n S. America; Status: ST | Occasional to locally abundant, epiphytic mostly on oaks | SE, Hufty |
| Tillandsia fasciculata Mez var. densispica Mez | Dog-drink-water, Clustered Wild Pine | Perennial, acaulescent, rootless, epiphyte | All year | FL, C. America, West Indies, n S. America; Status: SE | Common epiphyte on pines & large oaks, Main Drive near plaza | SW,NW, Price |
| Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. (Diaphoranthema recurvata (L.) Beer) | Ball-moss | Perennial, caulescent, rupicolous, epiphyte | May-Jun. | s US, Mexico to C. America, West Indies, Argentina & Chile | Abundant epiphyte on trees & scrub | All Tracts |
| Tillandsia setacea Swartz (Tillandsia tenuifolia L., misapplied) | Air Plant | Tufted epiphyte | May-Jun. | FL, West Indies, C. & S. America | Locally common epiphyte in scrubby flatwoods | NW,NE,SE,SW, 30, Hufty |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf.) | Spanish Moss | Perennial, rootless, branching, pendent, epiphyte | Feb.-May | VA & TN to FL & TX, West Indies, tropical & subtropical America | Common epiphyte in various habitats on trees & shrubs | All Tracts |
| Tillandsia utriculata L. | Air Plant | Perennial, acaulescent Ligni & rupicolous | Feb.-May | FL & Mexico to West Indies, C. & S. America; Status: SE | Occasional epiphyte on large trees | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| BURMANNIACEAE | ||||||
| Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small | Nodding Nixie | Dec.-Jan. | FL to TX, West Indies | Rare in bayheads | 7 | |
| Burmannia biflora L. | Burmannia | Annual | Jan. | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, SA | Occasional, wet swales | 18 |
| Burmannia capitata (Walter) Mart. | Southern Burmannia | Annual | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, West Indies, S. America | Locally abundant, margins of seasonal ponds & swales | 31 |
| COMMELINACEAE | ||||||
| Commelina diffusa (Commelina longicaulis Jacq.) | Common Day-flower | Annual, ruderal | Jan.-Oct. | s US & tropical & warm regions world-wide | Common weed in lawns, rareon muck in flatwoods & swales | SW, 18 |
| Commelina erecta L. (Commelina erecta subsp. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald) (Commelina elegans Kunth) (Commelina angustifolia Michx.) | Day-flower | Perennial | Mar.-Oct. | FL to TX, NJ to NE, AZ, NC, West Indies | Common in turkey oak sandhills, scrub, margins of scrubby flatwoods & firelanes | All Tracts |
| Cuthbertia ornata Small | Roseling | Perennial | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Rare, scrubby flatwoods, flatwoods & rosemary scrub | SE,SW,18,19, 30,31 |
| Tradescantia roseolens Small (Tradescantia longifolia Small) | Spiderwort | Perennial | Sep.-Oct.; Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional along firelanes & in scrubby flatwoods | 7,18,31,Hufty, Price |
| CYPERACEAE | ||||||
| Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Clarke (Stenophyllus barbatus (Rottb.) T. Cooke) | Watergrass | Annual | Jul.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World ) | Common in gardens, sandy roadsides, firelanes & open scrub | SE,SW, 7,18, 18E,19,19E |
| Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. (Bulbostylis cilitifolia subsp. coarctata (Elliott) Kral var. coarctata (Elliott) Kral) (Stenophyllus coarctatus (Elliott) Britton) (Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (Elliott) C. Mohr) (Stenophyllus carteri Britton) | Hairsedge | Annual or perennial | Mar.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL & TX, Cuba | Abundant along firelanes & in open sand in oak-rosemary scrub | All Tracts |
| Bulbostylis stenophylla (Ell.) Clarke | Hairsedge | Annual | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, FL panhandle, Cuba | Abundant garden weed | SW |
| Bulbostylis warei (Torr.) Clarke (Stenophyllus warei (Torr.) Britton) | Hairsedge | Perennial | Jul.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL & FL panhandle | Common in scrubby flatwoods & open sand firelanes, occasional in open oak scrub | 6,7,18, Price, MacArthur |
| Carex alata Torr. | Sedge | Perennial, cespitose | Mar.-May | MA, NY, PA, s to c peninsular FL, w to TX, IN, MI | Occasional on ditch banks, pond margins | SW, 18 |
| Carex longii Mack. | Sedge | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-Summer | Nova Scotia to IN, MI & Saskatchewan, s to c FL, w to se TX, tropical America | Occasional in muck, main grounds | SW |
| Cladium jamaicense Crantz (Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kuk.) (Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton ex Small) | Sawgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous, paludal | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, West Indies, Mexico, tropical America | Price | |
| Cyperus compressus L. | Flatsedge | Annual or short-lived perennial, cespitose | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE to s FL, TX, se MO, | Occasional weed of gardens & firelanes | SW, 7,18, Hicoria |
| Cyperus croceus Vahl (Cyperus retrorsus subsp. robustus (Boeck.) Kuk.) (Cyperus multiflorus (Britton) Small) (Cyperus globulosus Aubl. misapplied) | Flatsedge | Perennial | Jul.-Sep. | NJ to s Fl, w to TX, OK & MO, tropical America | Common weed of disturbed areas such as gardens, firelanes & lakeshores | SE,7, Hufty |
| Cyperus distinctus Steud. | Flatsedge | Perennial, short-rhizomatous | May-Jul. | Coastal Plain se SC to s FL & w into Apalachicola | Occasional in ditches & swales & low flatwoods | SW, 18, Hufty |
| Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. (Cyperus halei Torr.ex Britton) | Flatsedge | Annual, tufted, colonizer | May-Jun. | MA to Ontario, WI, SD, s to s FL, TX, w to CA, OR, WA & UT | Occasional in muck of seasonal ponds & ditches | SW, Hufty |
| Cyperus filiculmis Vahl (Cyperus martindalei Britton) | Flatsedge | Perennial | Apr.-Jul. | NH, Ontario, to MN, TX & FL | Occasional in disturbed sand in turkey oak sandhills | SE |
| Cyperus haspan L. | Flatsedge | Perennial, uliginous | May-Aug. | se VA to s FL, w to TX, TN, pantropical | Common in muck of seasonal ponds | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus lecontei Torr. | Flatsedge | Perennial, rhizomatous, colonial | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL, w to LA | Locally abundant along low muck firelanes | 7,18,30,31, Hufty, Price |
| Cyperus ligularis L. | Large Cyperus | Perennial | May-Aug. | c & s FL, tropical America, Africa | Rare, in swales & along drainage ditches | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus odoratus L. (Cyperus odoratus subsp. engelmannii (Steud.) S.D. Jones et al.) (Torulinium confertum Desv. ex Ham.) (Cyperus speciosus Vahl) (Cyperus longispicatus Norton) (Cyperus ferruginescens Boeckl.) (Cyperus ferax Rich.) (Cyperus engelmannii Steud.) | Flatsedge | Annual | Apr.-Jun. | MA to MN, generally s to FL, TX, w to CA, tropical America | Occasional in ditches, marshes & swales | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. (Cyperus polystachyos subsp. texensis (Torr.) Fernald) (Cyperus careyi Britton ex Small) (Cyperus filicinus Vahl, misapplied) (Cyperus microdontus Torr.) (Cyperus paniculatus Rottb.) | Panicled Cyperus | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-Fall | MA to s FL, w to TX, n to MO, pantropical | Sandy beach along lakeshore | Price |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. (Cyperus retrorsus subsp. deeringianus (Britton & Small ex Small) Fernald & Griscom) (Cyperus boldgettii Torr.) (Cyperus deeringianus Britton & Small ex Small) (Cyperus litoreus (C.B. Clarke) Britton ex Small) (Cyperus nashii Britton ex Small) (Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. var. cylindricus (Elliott) Torr.) (Cyperus pollardii Britton ex Small) (Cyperus winkleri Britton & Small ex Small) | Flatsedge | Perennial | May-Aug. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, NY to s. FL, w to TX, c TN | Common in wet depressions of low flatwoods & adjacent firelanes | SE,SW, 7, 18, Price, Hicoria, MacArthur |
| Cyperus rotundus L. | Nut-grass, Coco-grass | Perennial, rhizomatous, tuberous colonial | Apr.-May | EXOTIC (Native to Eurasia), NY to s FL, w to TX, warm regions | Common garden weed | SE |
| Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. | Flatsedge | Perennial, taphrophyte | All year | Coastal Plain, SC to s FL, w to TX, tropical America, West Indies | Ditches near marsh | Watters |
| Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapm. (Eleocharis capillacea Kunth, misapplied) | Roadgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Jan.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to LA | Common, margins of seasonal ponds in flatwoods & lakeshores | NW,SW, 18,30, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Eleocharis elongata Chapm. | Spike Rush | Perennial, helophyte | Mar.-Apr. | FL, adjacent GA & AL, Jamaica | Common in swales, along lakeshores | 7,18, Hufty |
| Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Eleocharis capitata R. Br.) (Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake) | Spike Rush | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | SC to FL, w to CA, n to Great Lakes Basin, pantropical | Common in drainage ditches | SW |
| Eleocharis microcarpa Torr. (Eleocharis brittonii Svenson ex Small) (Eleocharis torreyana Boeck) | Spike Rush | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL & TX, TN & IN, West Indies | Common in drainage ditches | SW |
| Eleocharis minima Kunth (Eleocharis bicolor Chapm.) (Eleocharis uncialis Chapm. ex Small) | Spike Rush | Perennial, stoloniferous | All year | Rare, GA, FL to TX & CA, Mexico, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds | Hicoria |
| Eleocharis nana Kunth | Spike Rush | Annual | Mar.-May | c pen FL, Cuba, S. America | Common, margins of seasonal ponds | 7, 18 |
| Eleocharis vivipara Link (Eleocharis prolifera Torr.) | Spike Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain, SE VA to FL | Rare, seasonal ponds in low flatwoods | SW, 18 |
| Fimbrystylis caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. (Fimbrystylis harperi Britton ex Small) | Spike Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jul.-Aug. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL Keys, w in Gulf states to | Common in burnt-over scrubby flatwoods | 18, Hicoria |
| Fuirena scirpoidea Michx. | Umbrellagrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Dec.-May | Coastal Plain, GA, FL to se TX, Cuba | Occasional to locally abundant, margins of seasonal ponds, along lakeshores | SW, 7,18,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray (Rhynchospora axillaris (Lam.) Britton, missapplied) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Feb.-May | Chiefly Coastal Plain, NJ to s FL, w to LA | Common in seasonal ponds | SW, 7,18,19,30, 31, Hicoria, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora microcephala (Britton) Britton ex Small | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, NJ to c peninsular FL, w to MS, Cuba | Wet sand along lakeshore | Price |
| Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl (Rhynchospora fascicularis subsp. distans (Michx.) Chapm.) (Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, w to se TX, AK | Common in seasonal ponds | 7, 18, Hufty, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora fernaldi Gale | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Summer-Fall | s GA to c peninsular FL, w to s AL | Common along firelanes | 18 |
| Rhynchospora filifolia Gray (Rhynchospora fuscoides C.B. Clarke, misapplied) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose, colonizer | May | NJ to s c FL, w to e TX, Cuba | Locally common in seasonal ponds | 7, 18 |
| Rhynchospora intermedia (Chapm.) Britton | Pine Barren Beaksedge | Perennial | Spring-Summer | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to se TX, Cuba, C. America | Occasional in swales | 6 |
| Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fern. | Beak-rush | Perennial, colonizer, stoloniferous | Jun.-Sep. | e MA to s & w FL | Occasional, seasonal ponds | 18, Watters |
| Rhynchospora megalocarpa Gray (Rhynchospora dodecandra Baldwin ex A. Gray) | Large-seeded Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Mar.-Apr. | NC to c FL | Occasional in flatwoods, oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | SW,SE,NE,7,18, 19,31,Hufty, MacArthur |
| Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray (Rhynchospora edisoniana Britton ex Small) | Small-fruited Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, w to TX; Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola | Occasional in bayheads, seasonal ponds & swales | NW, 7, 18, Hufty |
| Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M. A. Curtis | Annual, tufted | Spring-Fall | Coastal Plain, N.C. to S. FL, w. to e. TX, WI | Dry pond margins | 18, 30 | |
| Rhynchospora tracyi Britt. | Beak-rush | Perennial, colonizing, stoloniferous paludal | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL & MS, West Indies | Common emergent macrophyte, Lake Annie | Hufty, Watters |
| Rhynchospora wrightiana Boeckl. | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-Jun. | Coastal Plain, se NC to c FL, w to s AL, Cuba, PR | Locally abundant in seasonal ponds | NW, 7, 18 |
| Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth | Bulrush | Perennial, free-floating, rooted aquatic | Winter-Spring | FL to TX, tropical America, Africa | On floating vegetation mats | Watters |
| Scleria ciliata Michx. var. ciliata Michx. (Scleria ciliata subsp. elliottii (Chapm.) Fernald) (Scleria ciliata subsp. glabra (Chapm.) Fairey) (Scleria brittonii Core) (Scleria elliottii Chapm.) | Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jan.-Jun. | se VA to FL & TX | Common in scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub & firelanes | SE,SW, 7,18, MacArthur |
| Scleria ciliata Michx. var. pauciflora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Kuk. | Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jan.-Jun. | se VA to FL & TX | Common in scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub & firelanes | SE,SW, 7,18, MacArthur |
| Scleria reticularis Michx. (Scleria reticularis subsp. pubescens Britton) (Scleria muhlenbergii Steud.) (Scleria setacea Poir, misapplied) | Sessile-spiked Nutrush, Reticulated Whipgrass | Annual | May-Jun. | MA & NY to FL & TX, IN & MO, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds | SW, Price |
| Scleria triglomerata Michx. | Tall Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Spring-Fall | MA to Ontario & WI, s to FL & TX | Occasional along edges of seasonal ponds | 18, 18E |
| Websteria confervoides (Poir) Hooper (Eleocharis conferviodes (Poir.) T. Koyama) (Websteria submersa (C. Wright) Britton) | Websteria | Perennial, submerged aquatic, rooted in mud | FL; tropical America | Locally abundant in deep water | Lake Annie, Hufty | |
| DIOSCOREACEAE | ||||||
| Dioscorea bulbifera L. | Air-potato | Perennial, dioecious vine, bulbils & tubers | Mar.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia & Africa) | Common garden escapee around cottages in main grounds area | SW |
| ERIOCAULACEAE | ||||||
| Eriocaulon compressum Lam. | Hat Pins, Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious | Nov.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NJ to e FL, w to e TX | Common in seasonal ponds, swales & flatwoods | NW,SW, 7,18, 30,31, Hicoria |
| Eriocaulon decangulare L. | Bachelor's Buttons | Perennial, moneocious | Chiefly Coastal Plain NJ to FL, w to e TX | Rare, in low flatwoods & seasonal ponds | NW, 7, MacArthur, Watters | |
| Lachnocaulon anceps (Walter) Morong (Lachnocaulon floridanum Small) (Lachnocaulon glabrum Korn) | Bog-buttons | Perennial tufted moneocious herb | May-Sep. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & e TX | Common in low flatwoods & palmetto wire grass flatwoods | SW,7,18,19, Mac-Arthur |
| Lachnocaulon beyrichianum Sporl. ex Koern | Bog-buttons | Perennial, rhizomatous | Summer | Coastal Plain, GA | ||
| Lachnocaulon engleri Ruhl. | Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious, ephemeral, helophyte | Nov.-Jan. | Outer Coastal Plain, FL, s AL | Locally abundant in many seasonal ponds & on verges | 7,18,31, Hufty, Price |
| Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small (Lachnocaulon eciliatum Small) | Hairy Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious, ephemeral, helophyte | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, se AL | Common in open palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & low scrubby flatwoods | SW,18,19 |
| Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. | Bantam-buttons | Perennial moneocious herb rosettes | Dec.-Feb. | Chiefly outer Coastal Plain, NC to FL, s AL | Abundant on low sandy roads, swales & wet prairies | NE,NW,SE, 7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| HYPOXIDACEAE | ||||||
| Hypoxis juncea J.E. Smith | Yellow-star Grass | Perennial, corm | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods, especially in burnt over areas & roadsides | SE,SW,6,7,18, 19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| IRIDACEAE | ||||||
| Sisyrinchium nashii Bickn. (Sisyrinchium arenicola E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium fibrosum E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium floridanum E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium fuscatum E.P. Bicknell) | Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial, cespitose | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, FL & AL | Occasional in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | 7,18,31 |
| Sisyrinchium xerophyllum Greene (Sisyrinchium solstitiale E.P. Bicknell) | Robust Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial, cespitose | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in oak scrub, scrubby flatwoods & palmetto flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19,19E,30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| JUNCACEAE | ||||||
| Juncus effusus L. var. solutus (Fern. & Wieg.) Hamet.-Ahti | Soft Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous, tussocks | Mar.-May | Cosmopolitan | Occasional in muck, edge of north swales | 18 |
| Juncus marginatus Rostk. (Juncus aristulatus Michx.) (Juncus biflorus Elliott) | Grass-leaf Rush | Perennial | Summer | Nova Scotia to MI & SD; s to s FL & TX; AZ | Occasional in swales | SW,18 |
| Juncus megacephalus M.A. Curtis | Large-headed Rush | Perennial | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, to se TX | Occasional in seasonal ponds | 30 | |
| Juncus repens Michx. | Creeping Rush | Perennial aquatic or terrestrial | Apr.-May | DE to s FL & TX; n to OK & TN, West Indies | Common on pond & lake bottoms & mucky areas in low flatwoods | SW,7,18, Hufty |
| Juncus scirpoides Lam. | Globe Rush | Perennial clump-forming rhizomes | Apr.-Jul. | s NY to s FL; w to TX, IN, MI, MO & OK | Common, ditches & pond & lake margins | SW,18,31, Hufty, Price |
| LILIACEAE | ||||||
| Lilium catesbaei Walter | Catesby's Lily, Pine Lily | Perennial, bulbous | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL, w to LA; Status: ST | Occasional to common in flatwoods, grassy seasonal ponds especially after a burn | NW,7, 18, 19,30,31 |
| Schoenocaulon dubium (Michx.) Small | Feather-shank | Perennial, scapose herb | Jun.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, FL & GA | Rare in scrubby flatwoods | SW,18 |
| Zigadenus densus (Desr.) Fern. (Tracyanthus angustifolius (Michx.) Small) | Crow-poison | Perennial, semibulbous | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL, w to e TX | Occasional in swales & dense, grassy seasonal ponds | 18 |
| MAYACACEAE | ||||||
| Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. (Mayaca aubletii Michx.) | Bog-moss | Perennial, aquatic or shore plant | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to se TX, tropical America | Common in shallow waters of Lake Annie | Hufty |
| NYMPHAEACEAE | ||||||
| Nuphar lutea (Sol.) Kartesz & Gandhi subsp. advena (Sol.) Kartesz & Gandhi (Nuphar lutea subsp. macrophyllum ( Small ) E.O. Beal) (Nuphar chartacea G.S. Mill & Standl.) (Nuphar fluviatilis R.M. Harper) (Nuphar macrophylla Small) | Spatterdock | Perennial, aquatic or paludal | Mar.-Apr. | FL to TX, MA, MN | Common in Lake Annie & Lake Placid, abundant in borrow pit, Price Tr. | 18, Hufty, Price |
| ORCHIDACEAE | ||||||
| Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames (Limodorum parviflorum Nash) | Bearded Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NC to s c peninsular FL, w to LA | Rare, low pine flatwoods | 18,30,Hufty, Hicoria |
| Calopogon multiflorus Lindl. (Limodorum pinetorum Small) (Limodorum multiflorum (Lindl.) C. Mohr) | Multi-flowered Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, FL to MS; Status: SE | Rare, low open flatwoods | Mit 40 |
| Calopogon pallidus Chapm. (Limodorum pallidum (Chapm.) C. Mohr) | Pale Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, w to LA | Rare, borders of seasonal ponds in low pine flatwoods | SW |
| Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton et al. (Calopogon pulchellus subsp. simpsonii (Small) Ames) (Limodorum tuberosum L.) (Limodorum simpsonii Small) (Calopogon pulchellus R. Br.) | Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | s FL to MN, & e TX, Cuba, Bahamas | Rare, low pine flatwoods | SW |
| Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small | Butterfly Orchid | Perennial, epiphytic, rhizomatous, pseudobulb | Jun. | ENDEMIC to FL; Status: CE | Very rare, epiphytic on Lyonia in oak scrub & on Nyssa in swamps | SE, NE, Price |
| Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle | Wild Coco | Perennial, rhizomes, bulbous corm | Aug.-Sep. | s FL, West Indies, s Mex, C. America, S. America, | Common on sandy roadsides | Hufty, Price |
| Habenaria floribunda Lindl. (Habenaria strictissma Rchb. f. subsp. odontopetala (Rchb.f.) L.O. Williams) (Habenella odontopetala (Rchb. f.) Small) (Habenaria odontopetala Rchb. f.) | Funny Face Orchid | Dec.-Feb. | s c FL, s Mexico, c America, Cuba, Puerto Rico | Occasional in bayheads & edges of swamps | NW,NE,7,Hufty, Price | |
| Habenaria repens Nutt. | Water Spider Orchid | Perennial, free-floating, aquatic or semi-aquatic, stoloniferous | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, TX, West Indies, Mexico, C. America, n S. America | Rare along pond margins & lakeshores | Hufty,SW, Price, Watters |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. (Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.) (Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.) | Yellow Fringed Orchid | Perennial, terrestrial, tuberous | Jul.-Aug. | Ontario to c peninsular FL, w to s MI; IL, MO, AR, e TX; Status: ST | Occasional in low flatwoods | Hufty |
| Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fern.) Rolfe (Eulophia ecristata (Fernald) Ames) (Triorchos ecristatus (Fernald) Small) | Uncrested Eulophia | Perennial, caulescent, herb, corm | Sep.-Oct. | peninsular FL, West Indies; Status: SE | Rare, wire grass-palmetto flatwoods | 18 |
| Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Wats. | Grass-leaved Ladies'-tresses | Perennial, terrestrial, tuberous herb | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, NJ to s FL, w to e & se TX | Rare in swales | 18,19 |
| Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. | Lawn orchid | Perennial, terrestrial rhizomatous herb | All year | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): c & s Fl | Roadsides and lawns | Main Drive |
| POACEAE | ||||||
| Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum (Schult.) Hitch. (Amphicarpum floridanum Chapm.) | Blue Maindencane | Perennial, amphicarpic | Jun.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, SC to s FL, FL panhandle, s AL | Locally common in disturbed scrub | SW, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| Andropogon brachystachyus Chapm. | Shortspike Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | se GA, ne, n c & peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 19, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Andropogon floridanus Scribn. | Florida Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | ENDEMIC to c & s FL | Occasional in oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7,18E |
| Andropogon glomeratus (Elliott) C. Mohr | Bushy Bluestem | Cespitose, perennial | Oct. | FL to s CA, West Indies, Mexico, C. America | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales of pine flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Andropogon glomeratus (Elliott) C. Mohr var. glaucopsis (Elliott) C. Mohr | Bushy Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | FL to s CA, West Indies, Mexico, C. America | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales of pine flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 30, 31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Andropogon gyrans Ashe | Bottlebrush Bluestem | Cespitose, perennial | Oct.-Nov. | FL to NJ | Occasional in sand pine scrub | SE |
| Andropogon ternarius Michx. | Splitbeard Bluestem | Perennial, tufted, cespitose | Oct.-May | Coastal Plain, FL to e TX, OK & DE, rarely Blue Ridge | Margin of sandy firelanes | SW,6,7,18, Hufty |
| Andropogon tracyi Nash | Tracy's Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | ENDEMIC to Highlands Co., FL | Occasional in turkey oak sandhills | SE |
| Andropogon virginicus C.S.Campb. var. glaucus Hack. (Andropogon capillipes Nash) | Chalky Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | MA to OH, MO, & KS, s to FL & TX | Frequent in seasonal ponds & swales | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19, 19E, 30,31,Hicoria, Hufty |
| Aristida beyrichiana Trin. & Rupr. (Aristida stricta Michx., misapplied) | Wiregrass | Perennial, tufted, fire-stimulated flowering | Sep.-Oct. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, n c to s c FL, w to MS | Abundant in low palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & turkey oak sandhill | All except Watter & Price |
| Aristida gyrans Chapm. | Corkscrew Threeawn | Perennial, tufted | Oct. | FL to GA | Locally common in disturbed scrubby flatwoods, occasional in rosemary scrub | SW, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Aristida patula Chapm. ex Nash | Tall Threeawn | Perennial, short-rhizomatous | Aug.-Sep. | c peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Locally common along roadsides & in flatwoods | Hicoria |
| Aristida spiciformis Ell. | Bottlebrush Threeawn | Perennial, tufted | Oct.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to c peninsular FL & MS, Cuba, Puerto Rico | Occasional in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & seasonal ponds | SW,7,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Axonopus furcatus (Fluegge) Hitchc. | Big Carpetgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, FL to se VA | Rare & local along firelanes | 18 |
| Cenchrus echinatus L. | Southern Sandspur, Hedgehog Grass | Annual | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, AL, NM, tropical America, West Indies | Common weed in various disturbed sites | SE, SW |
| Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis (Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.) (Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald) | Coast Sandspur, Sandbur | Perennial | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL to TX & NC | Occasional along roadsides & firelanes | SE, SW, 7 |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Bermudagrass | Perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous | Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa), Pantropical, Cultivated | Common weed in citrus grove | SE |
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. | Crowfootgrass | Annual | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Europe), Coastal Plain to AZ, ME, NJ, IL, tropical America | Railroad tracks at rough crossing | 7 |
| Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould) (Panicum aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.)) (Panicum angustifolium Elliott) (Panicum arenicoloides Ashe) (Panicum fusiforme Hitchc.) (Panicum neuranthum Griseb.) (Panicum pinetorum Swallen) | Panic-grass | Perennial, tufted | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL, to TX, West Indies | Abandoned gardens | SE |
| Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould (Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll) (Panicum caerulescens Hack. ex Hitchc.) (Panicum dichotomum L.) (Panicum lucidum Ashe) (Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex Elliott) (Panicum nitidum Lam.) (Panicum nudicaule Vasey) (Panicum roanokense Ashe) (Panicum sphagnicola Nash) | Panic-grass | Perennial, knotted crown | Mar.-Apr. | N. Brunswick to MI, IL, s to FL & TX | Common in pine flatwoods | NW,SW,7,18, 19, 31 |
| Dichanthelium erectifolium (Nash) Gould & Clark (Panicum erectifolium Nash) | Panic-grass | Perennial, tufted | Dec.-Feb. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to LA, Cuba | Common in muck of seasonal ponds in low pine flatwoods | 7, 18 |
| Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin (Dichanthelium sabulorum subsp. patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould & C.A. Clark) (Dichanthelium sabulorum subsp. thinium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould & C.A. Clark, misapplied) (Dichanthelium patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Hitchc.) (Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A. Clark, misapplied) (Panicum lancearium Trin.) (Panicum patentifolium Nash) (Panicum portoricense Desv. ex Ham.) (Panicum webberianum Nash) | Panic-grass | All year | Coastal Plain: VA to FL to TX, West Indies, C. America | Locally abundant in seasonal ponds, flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 18E, 19, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty | |
| Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard) (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., misapplied) (Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac, misapplied) | Southern Crabgrass | Annual | All year | s US, West Indies, Mexico, tropical America, Old World | Occasional along firelanes | NW |
| Digitaria filiformis (Henrard) Wipff (Digitaria villosa (Walter) Pers.) (Syntherisma villosum Walter) | Shaggy Crabgrass | Cespitose, annual, possibly perennial | Spring-Fall | se US, West Indies & C. America | Occasional along firelandes & roads | SW, 30 |
| Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller | Barnyard Grass, Coast Cockspur | Annual | Apr.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL, midwest, TX | Roadside muck in low flatwoods | NW, 7 |
| Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | Goose Grass | Annual, ruderal | Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), throughout warm temp & tropical regions | Garden weed | SE |
| Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. | Feather Lovegrass | Annual | Feb. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), GA, FL, TX, Mexico, | Weed around plaza area | SW |
| Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. | Gophertail Lovegrass | Annual, tufted | Aug.-Nov. | Warm regions of both hemispheres | Occasional, waste places | SE |
| Eragrostis elliottii S. Wats. | Elliott Lovegrass | Perennial, tufted | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, to se TX West Indies, e Mexico | Occasional along firelanes | Hicoria |
| Eragrostis virginica (Zucc.) Steud. | Coastal Lovegrass | Perennial, knotted, basal tufts | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE & MD to s FL, w to OK & e TX | Locally common along sandy roadsides | SW, Hufty, Price |
| Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. | Centipede Grass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Jul. | EXOTIC (Native to Asia), Cultivated FL, se US, C. | Escapee from lawns & road shoulders onto sandy firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW,7 |
| Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv. (Chloris petraea Sw.) | Fingergrass | All year | NC to FL & TX, Mexico, West Indies, tropical America | Occasional along roads in flatwoods | SW, Hufty | |
| Heteropogon contortus | Tanglehead | Jan-Feb, Oct-Nov | ||||
| Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf | Jaragua | May | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): tropical America, FL & Gulf states | Occasional roadside weed | NW, Hufty | |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. (Muhlenbergia filipes M.A. Curtis) | Hairgrass | Cespitose, perennial | Summer-Fall | MA to IN, KS, s to s FL, TX, se Mexico, West Indies | Rare along sandy roadsides | SE, Price |
| Panicum abscissum Swallen | Cutthroatgrass | Perennial, fire-stimulated flowering | May-Aug. | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE, MC | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales | All Tracts except Harris |
| Panicum anceps Michx. (Panicum anceps subsp. rhizomatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Fernald) (Panicum rhizomatum Hitchc. & Chase) | Beaked Panicum | Perennial | Summer-Fall | NJ to KS, s to FL & TX | Rare in scrubby flatwoods | SE |
| Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (Scribn. & Merr.) Fernald | Fall Panicum | Annual | Aug. | Nova Scotia to MN, FL & TX | Rare, ditch bottoms | SW |
| Panicum hemitomon Schult. | Maidencane | Perennial, aquatic or sub-aquatic, rhizomatous | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, NJ to s. FL, w to e TX, TN; S. America | Rare in swales, common in wettest seasonal ponds & lake margins | 7,18,30,31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Panicum hians Ell. | Gaping Panicum | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-fall | VA to FL, sw US to Mexico | Occasional in disturbed swales at edge of flatwoods | Hicoria |
| Panicum maximum Jacq. | Guinea Grass | Perennial, short rhizomes | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): cosmopolitan in warm regions | Occasional on disturbed ground & firelanes | SE |
| Panicum repens L. | Torpedograss | Perennial, rhizomatous & occasionally stoloniferous | Spring-Fall | se US to Brazil, Old World tropics | Abundant along shore of lakes | Hufty, Price |
| Panicum tenerum Beyr. | Bluejoint Panicum | Perennial | Spring-Fall | se US, Cuba, Hispanola, Puerto Rico | Occasional in swales | 18 |
| Panicum verrucosum Muhl. | Warty Panicum | Annual | Jun.-Jul. | FL,TX to MA, MI, AK | Locally abundant along margins of seasonal ponds | SW, 31, MacArthur |
| Panicum virgatum L. | Switchgrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Summer-Fall | s FL to MS, MI, TN, Cuba | Occasional roadside weed | SE |
| Paspalum conjugatum Berg. | Sour Paspalum | Perennial, stoloniferous | Aug. | s FL to TX, s to Argentina; West Indies, Old World tropics | Common weed on disturbed mucky soils | SW |
| Paspalum notatum Fluegge | Bahia Grass | Densely rhizomatous | May-June | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America) | Dominant grass on Main Grounds. Established in southern flatwoods in Tract 19 | SW, 19 |
| Paspalum setaceum Michx. (Paspalum setaceum subsp. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. longipedunculatum (Leconte) A..W. Wood) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. muhlenbergii (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. rigidifolium (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. stramineum (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. supinum (Bosc ex Poir.) Trin.) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. villosissimum (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx.) (Paspalum debile Michx.) (Paspalum longipedunculatum LeConte) (Paspalum propinquum Nash) (Paspalum pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.) (Paspalum rigidifolium Nash) (Paspalum supinum Bosc ex Poir.) | Thin Paspalum | Perennial, cespitose | Aug. | c & se US, Mexico, C. America, West Indies | Common on disturbed sandy ground | SW |
| Paspalum urvillei Steud. | Vaseygrass | Perennial tufted with basal offshoots | May | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): VA to FL, TX & s CA, s to Argentina, Cuba | Common in low areas on lawn | SW |
| Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. (Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Bews) (Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc.) (Tricholaena rosea Nees) | Natal Grass | All year (esp. Oct.) | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): s US | Abundant along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19,19E,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price | |
| Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton | Itch Grass | Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): West Indies | Railroad | SW | |
| Rottboellia exaltata (Manisuris exaltata ) | Itchgrass | Nov | EXOTIC (Native to Asia): s & s-c FL | |||
| Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. (Erianthus giganteus (Walter) P. Beauv.) (Erianathus saccharoides Michx.) | Sugarcane Plumegrass | Perennial, rhizomatous, clump-forming | Fall | Chiefly Coastal Plain & Piedmont, NY to FL, w to TX, AR, TN, & KY | Occasional clumps around shore of Lake Annie & Lake Placid | Hufty, Price |
| Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash | American Cupscale | Perennial, aquatic-semi-aquatic, stoloniferous | Jun. | Coastal Plains, s NJ to FL, w to TN & OK, West Indies | Common on muck of seasonal ponds | SW |
| Schizachyrium niveum (Swallen) Gould | Riparian Autumngrass | Perennial, cespitose | Fall | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE, C | Rare & local among saw palmettos in oak scrub, rare in rosemary scrub | SE, 30, 31, 18 |
| Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston (Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth) (Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth) (Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees) (Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees) | Carimson bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct.-Nov. | s GA, FL, TX to AK, CA, Mexico, tropical America | Locally common in scrubby flatwoods | SE,SW, 30, Hufty |
| Schizachyrium scoparium (Nash) Gould var. scoparium (Michx.) Nash (Andropogon maritimus Chapm.) (Andropogan scoparius Michx.) (Andropogon stolonifer (Nash) Hitchc.) (Schizachyrium maritumum (Chapm.) Nash) (Schizachyrium rhizomatum (Swallen) Gould) (Schizachyrium stoloniferum Nash) | Little Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | Quebec & ME to Alberta & ID, s to FL & AK | Common in scrubby flatwoods & turkey oak sandhills | SE,SW,18E,19, 19E, Hufty, 7 |
| Setaria corrugata (Ell.) Schult. (Chaetochloa corrugata (Elliott) Scribn.) (Chaetochloa hispida Scribn.& Merr.) | Coastal Foxtail | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL, Cuba | Common along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7, Hufty, Price | |
| Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguelen (Chaetochloa geniculata (Poir.) Millsp. & Chase) (Setaria geniculata (Poir.) P. Beauv.) | Knotroot Foxtail | Perennial, subrhizomatous | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL, TX, CA, WV to KS, tropical America | Common in marshes around Lake Annie | Hufty |
| Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Holcus halepensis L.) | Johnsongrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Nov.-May | EXOTIC (Native to Old World): s half of US, temperate & warm regions worldwide | Occasional in disturbed sandy areas | SE, Hufty |
| Sorghastrum secundum (Ell.) Nash | Lopsided Indiangrass | Perennial, cespitose | Sep.-Oct. | SC to FL & TX | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7,18,19, Hufty |
| Spartina bakeri Merr. | Sand Cordgrass | Perennial, clump-forming | Jan.-May | FL to SC | Locally abundant in some seasonal ponds & along sandy lakeshores | SW,18,19,30, Hicoria Price, MacArthur, Watters |
| Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Sporobolus berteroanus (Trin.) Hitchc.) (Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc., misapplied) | Dropseed, Smutgrass | Cespitose | Apr.-Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): se US, Mexico, s to Brazil, West Indies | Common weed in sandy, open soil | SE, SW |
| Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. | Purple Sandgrass | Annual, taprooted colonizer cleistogamy | Jul. | FL, TX, C. America | Common along sandy roadsides in flatwoods | NW,SW, 7, Price |
| Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster | Perennial, nodal roots, spreading | Fall | EXOTIC (Native to Asia) | Weed found on main grounds not persisting | SW | |
| PONTEDERIACEAE | ||||||
| Pontederia cordata L. (Pontederia cordata subsp. lanceolata (Nutt.) Griseb.) (Pontederia cordata subsp. lancifolia (Muhl. ex Elliott) Morong) (Pontederia lanceolata Nutt.) | Pickerelweed | Perennial | Dec.-Jun. | Nova Scotia, Ontario, to OK & n FL | Common along lake edge, lowest area of interior marshses during wet periods | Price |
| SMILACACEAE | ||||||
| Smilax auriculata Walter | Greenbrier, Catbriar | Perennial, dioecious vine | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS & NC | Ubiquitous scrambler/climber | All Tracts |
| Smilax bona-nox L. | Greenbriar | Dioecious, tuberous, rhizomatous vine | Apr. | MD & VA to x IN & MO, s to c peninsular FL & TX; Mexico | Rare scrambler/climber in flatwoods | SE,SW |
| Smilax laurifolia L. | Catbriar, Bamboo-vine | Perennial, dioecious, tuberous, rhizomatous vine | Sep.-Oct. | NJ to s FL, e TX, AK, & w TN, Cuba, Bahama Islands | Common scrambler in bayheads | NE,NW,7,18, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| TYPHACEAE | ||||||
| Typha sp. | Cattail | Perennial, aquatic or paludal, monoecious, rhizomatous | Spring-Summer | Throughout N. America | Occasional in ditches | Watters |
| DICOTS | ||||||
| ACANTHACEAE | ||||||
| Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Andrs. | Perennial, herb | Spring-summer | EXOTIC (Native to India): Palm Beach Co. FL | Disturbed areas | MG | |
| Dyschoriste oblongifolia (Michx.) Kuntze | Twinflower | Perennial, herbaceous | May-Jul. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, LA | Rare, low flatwoods | 30 |
| Justicia ovata (Chapm.) R.W.Long var. ovata (Walter) Lindau | Water Willow | Perennial, colonial hygrophyte | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, to e TX, OK, AK, TN, MO & KY | Rare, low flatwoods | SW |
| Ruellia brittoniana Leonard ex Fern. | Perennial, herbaceous | Spring-Fall | EXOTIC (Native to Mexico) | Cottage #4 | ||
| ACERACEAE | ||||||
| Acer rubrum L. (Acer rubrum subsp. trilobum Torr. & A. Gray ex K. Koch var. trilobum Torr. & A. Gray ex K. Koch) (Acer rubrum var. drummondii (Hook. & Am. ex Nutt. Sarg.) (Acer rubrum var. tridens A.W. Wood) (Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small) (Rufacer drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Small) (Rufacer carolinianum (Walter) Small) | Southern Acer | Perennial, polygamodioecious tree | Winter-Spring | e Canada to Manitoba s to s FL, OK & e TX | Rare in seasonal ponds, swales & bayheads, abundant in swamps | 18, Hufty, Harris, Hicora,Price |
| AMARANTHACEAE | ||||||
| Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthus lividus L.) | Pigweed | Annual, monoecious | Mar.-Apr. | e US & Cuba, pantropical weed | Rare garden weed | SE |
| Amaranthus hybridus L. | Common Pigweed | Annual, monoecious | May-Jun. | Tropical & temperate America, adventive in Old World | Occasional weed in citrus grove | SE |
| Amaranthus viridus L. | Slender Amaranth | Annual, monoecious | All year | SC, NC, FL, GA, AL, Miss. | Disturbed sites | Muck garden |
| Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. | Cottonweed | All year | MO to SD, s to FL, w to NM | Occasional to abundant along firelanes & sandy roads | All upland Tracts | |
| Gomphrena serrata L. (Gomphrena decumbens Jacq.) (Gomphrena dispersa Standl.) | Globe Amaranth | Feb.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America), FL, FL Keys | Occasional to common along dry firelanes, road shoulders | NE,SE,NW,SW,7,19,31,Hicoria, Hufty | |
| Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (Iresine canescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) (Iresine celosia L., misapplied) | Bloodleaf | Annual | Oct.-Dec. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & LA, West Indies & tropical America | Rare, margins of bayheads | NE,NW, 7 |
| ANACARDIACEAE | ||||||
| Rhus copallinum L. (Rhus copallinum subsp. leucantha (Jacq.) DC.) (Rhus leucantha Jacq.) (Rhus obtusifolia (Small) Small) | Winged Sumac | Perennial, tree or shrub | Feb.-Mar. | ME to MN, FL & TX | Occasional, edges of bayheads & trail margins | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hufty, Price |
| Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi | Brazilian Pepper | Perennial, dioecious shrub | Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America) | Occasional escapee, main grounds & Red Hill, now extirpated | SE,SW,18E, Price, Watters |
| Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (Rhus radicans L.) | Poison Ivy | Perennial, moneocious, woody vine | Feb.-Mar. | FL, Nova Scotia to MS, MN, West Indies | Local, hedges & edges of flatwoods, bayheads & margins of seasonal ponds | SE,NE,NW,SW,7, Price, Watters |
| ANNONACEAE | ||||||
| Asimina obovata (Willd.) Nash (Pityothamnus obovata (Willd.) Small) | Flag Pawpaw, Scrub Pawpaw | Perennial, shrub, protogynous, beetle pollinated | Mar.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in scrubby flatwoods, occasional in scrub, open sand | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Asimina reticulata Shuttlew. ex Chapm. (Pityothamnus reticulatus (Chapm.) Small) | Gopher-berry Pawpaw | Perennial, low shrub | Feb.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SE,NW,SW,18, Hufty, MacArthur |
| APIACEAE | ||||||
| Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Centella repanda subsp. floridana (J.M. Coult. & Rose) Small) (Centella repanda (Pers.) Small) | Coinwort | Perennial, helophyte | Apr.-Jun. | Coastal Plain, DE to s FL & TX, pantropical | Locally abundant, low ground under pines | SW,NW, NE, 7 |
| Eryngium aromaticum Baldwin | Fragrant Eryngium | Perennial herb | Apr.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL & GA | Locally common in flatwoods | NW,SW,7,18,30,31, Hicoria, MacArthur |
| Eryngium cuneifolium Small | Wedge-leaf Button Snakeroot, Scrub Celery | Perennial herb with long taproot | Aug.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to s LWR, Highlands Co., FL; Status: SE, FE | Occasional in open rosemary scrub | 6,7,30,31 Hufty |
| Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. | Water Pennywort | Perennial, free-floating aquatic or limnophyte | Apr.-Jul. | Outer Coastal Plain NC to s FL & TX, Mexico & Chile, Puerto Rico | Common emergent in lakes & swales | Hufty, Price, Harris |
| Hydrocotyle umbellata L. | Marsh Pennywort | Perennial, herb | Spring-Summer | VA,GA, FL, AL & MS | Marshes, wet woods & lakeshore | North swale west boundary, Price, 18 |
| Hydrocotyle verticillata (A.Rich) Fernald | Whorled Pennywort | Perennial | Jan.-Jun | Coastal Plain, MA to s FL, w to CA, VT, NV, tropical America | Locally common along firelane in low flatwoods | Hufty |
| Oxypolis filiformis (Henrard) Wipff subsp. filiformis (Walter) Britton | Water Dropwort | Perennial, hydrophyte | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, TX; Cuba, Bahamas | Occasional, wet prairies and seasonal ponds | 7,18, 30 |
| Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michaux) Rafinesque | Mock Bishop's-weed | Annual, hygrophyte | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, SC, MA, Piedmont to s FL, e TX, MO, KS, IL, KY | Locally abundant in drainage system & along edges of low flatwoods | NE, SW, Price |
| Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC) Heller | Annual | May-Jun. | AL to TX, CA & MO, Mexico | Rare in mowed lawn, NW corner of main grounds | NE,SW, Price | |
| APOCYNACEAE | ||||||
| Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Vinca rosea L.) | Madagascar Periwinkle | Mar.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to Madagascar): peninsular FL & FL | Locally common, waste ground & firelane margins | SE,NW,7,18,18E, Hufty, Price | |
| AQUIFOLIACEAE | ||||||
| Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. var. ambigua (Michx.) Torr. (Ilex buswellii Small) (Ilex caroliniana (Walter) Trel.) | Carolina Holly, Sand Holly | Perennial, dioecious tree or shrub | Dec.-May | VA to FL & TX Cuba | Rare & local on edge of oak scrub | Hufty, Price |
| Ilex cassine L. var. cassine L. | Dahoon Holly | Perennial, dioecious tree | Feb.-Apr. | VA to FL & TX Cuba | Common in bayheads, around some of wetter seasonal ponds, swamps & lake shores | NE,NW,SW, 7,18,30, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Ilex glabra (L.) Gray | Gallberry | Perennial, shrub | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain Nova Scotia to FL & e LA | Common in bayheads, around some wet ponds, low flatwoods & low ground in general | NE,NW,SW,7,18, 18E,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Ilex opaca (Ashe) Ashe var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe (Ilex cumulicola Small) | Scrub Holly | Perennial, small tree | Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | NE,NW,SE,SW,7, 19,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| ASCLEPIADACEAE | ||||||
| Asclepias curassavica L. | Scarlet Milkweed | Annual | Mar.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): s peninsular | Locally common, waste ground & firelane margins | SE,NW, 7, 18, 18E, Hufty, Price |
| Asclepias curtissii A. Gray (Oxypteryx curtissii (A. Gray) Small) | Curtiss' Milkweed, Sandhill Milkweed | Perennial, herb | Jun.-Aug. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; Status: SE | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 19, 31, MacArthur |
| Asclepias feayi Chapm.ex A. Gray (Asclepiodella feayi (Chapm. ex A. Gray) Small) | Feay's Milkweed | Perennial, herb | May-Jun. | ENDEMIC to FL | Rare, in scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | SW |
| Asclepias pedicellata Walter (Podostigma pedicellata (Walter) Vail.) | Pedicillate Milkweed | Perennial Herb | Jun.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods, pine flatwoods & swales | SW, 7, 18, 31, MacArthur |
| Asclepias tomentosa Elliott | Velvet-leaf Milkweed | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, GA & FL | Rare in scrub | SW |
| Asclepias tuberosa L. | Butterfly Weed | Perennial, herb | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & pine flatwoods | NW,SW, 7, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.) | White-vine, Milk Withe | Perennial, herbaceous vine | May-Dec. | peninsular FL & FL Keys, West Indies, Mexico, C. & S. America | Common scrambler on Hibiscus & Ludwigia peruviana | Price, Harris |
| ASTERACEAE | ||||||
| Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze | Paraguay Bur | Annual | Oct.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): widespread on Coastal Plain | Rare on firelanes | SE |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Ambrosia monophylla (Walter) Rydb.) (Ambrosia glandulosa Scheele) (Ambrosia elatior L.) | Common Ragweed, Southern Ragweed | Annual, monoecious | May-Sep. | Canada to CA & WA, s to FL & TX | Common on moister disturbed sites, roadsides & firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hufty |
| Aster adnatus Nutt. | Scale-leaved Aster | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Oct.-Dec. | Gulf coast, sw GA to s FL & Bahamas, w to MS | Rare, roadsides, palmetto scrub & low flatwoods | 7,18,19,Hufty |
| Aster carolinianus Walter | Climbing Aster | Perennial, subwoody, climbing | Oct.-Jan. | Atlantic Coastal Plain NC to FL | Common scrambler on willows | Harris |
| Aster dumosus L. (Aster dumosus subsp. subulaefolius Torr. & A. Gray var. subulaefolius Torr. & A. Gray) (Aster dumosus var. coridifolius (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray) (Aster simmondsii Small) (Aster pinifolius Alex.) (Aster gracilipes (Wiegand) Alex.) (Aster fontinalis Alex.) (Aster cordifolius Michx.) | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Jul.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain MA to s FL, w to MI, AK, LA | Rare, roadsides, firelanes & pine flatwoods | 7,19,31 | |
| Aster reticulatus Pursh (Doellingeria reticulata (Pursh) Greene) | White-top Aster | Perennial | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC,GA, s c peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Occasional in pine flatwoods, rare in swales | SW,6,7,18,19,19E, 30,31,Hicoria, Hufty |
| Aster subulatus Michx. (Aster subulataus subsp. cubensis (DC.) Shinners var. cubensis (DC.) Shinners) (Aster subulatus var. ligulatus Shinners) (Aster inconspicuus Less.) (Aster exilis Elliott) | Slim Aster | Annual, limnodophyte or hygrophyte | Oct.& Jan. | s ME to s peninsular FL & FL Keys, w to CA, inland to MO & KS, tropical America | Occasional along lakeshores, rare in swales | 18, Price |
| Aster tortifolius Michx. (Sericocarpus bifoliatus Porter) (Sericocarpus acutisquamosus (Nash) Small) | White-topped Aster | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & w to LA | Occasional in open grassy-palmetto pine flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| Baccharis halimifolia L. (Baccharis halimifolia subsp. angustior DC.) | Groundsel Bush, Silverling | Perennial, shrub, polygamodioecious | Oct.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, MA to FL & TX, inland to AK, West Indies | Occasional in gallberry flatwoods, in roads & ditches, abundant along railroad | NE,NW,SW, 7,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robinson (Actinospermum angustifolium (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray.) | Yellow Buttons | Biennial (strict), herbaceous | All year | Coastal Plain, se NC to peninsular FL, SC, w to s | Common in sandhills, scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub, firelanes & seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Watters & Harris |
| Bidens alba L. (Bidens pilosa var. radiata Sch. Bip.) | Beggar Ticks | Annual | All year | s FL, SC, MS & LA, Mexico, West Indies, C. America & Old World | Common but local, hedges, edges, fallow gardens & other disturbed areas | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff | Beggar Ticks | Annual | Oct.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, MD to s peninsular FL, w to se TX | Occasional in wet swales, seasonal ponds, & along lakeshores | NE,18, Hufty, Price |
| Carphephorus corymbosus (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray | Florida Paintbrush | Perennial, herb | Oct. | se GA, s FL to Lake Okeechobee, FL panhandle | Occasional in palmetto scrub & low flatwoods | 7,18, 30, 31, Hufty |
| Carphephorus odoratissimus (J.F. Gmel.) Herbert (Trilisa odoratissima (J.F.Gmel.) Cass.) | Vanilla Plant | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, e c NC to s peninsular FL, w to se | Rare, in scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | SW,7, 30, Hufty |
| Carphephorus paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Hebert (Trilisa paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Cass) | Deer Tongue | Perennial, herb | Jul.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, e c NC to s c peninsular FL, FL panhandle, se AL | Occasional, low flatwoods, seasonal ponds & swales | 7,18 |
| Chrysopsis scabrella Torr. & A. Gray (Heterotheca scabrella (Torr. & A. Gray) R.W. Long) | Golden Aster | Perennial, herb | Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS | Occasional, but very local, scrubby flatwoods & abandoned fields | 18,19 |
| Cirsium horridulum Michx. | Purple Thistle | Biennial, herb | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal ME to FL & TX, PA, TN, West Indies, Mexico | Rare along roadsides & pine flatwoods | NW,SW, 7 |
| Cirsium nuttallii DC. | Thistle | Biennial, herb | Apr. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, se VA, SC to peninsular FL, along gulf coast to MS | Rare along undisturbed trail | NW |
| Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. (Eupatorium coelestinum L.) | Mist Flower | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Aug.-Sep. | NJ to KN, s to s peninsular FL, to c TX, w Cuba | Occasional along edges of seasonal ponds, roadsides | 7,SE |
| Conyza canadensis L. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronquist (Erigeron canadensis subsp. pusillus (Nutt.) Ahles) (Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britton) (Conyza parva Cronquist) | Dwarf Horseweed | Annual | Mar.-Oct. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, e US s to tropical America | Occasional, along undisturbed fire trails | NE,NW,31, Hufty |
| Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.) (Verbesina alba L.) | Annual or perennial in warm climates | All year | Coastal Plain to Piedmont, MA to West Indies, s to s FL & TX, CA, tropical | Occasional along lakeshores, in ditches & swales | SW, 18, Price | |
| Elephantopus elatus Bertol. | Florida's Elephant's Foot | Perennial herb | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC into FL & LA | Occasional in palmetto scrub & scrubby flatwoods | SW,6,7,18,19, 30, 31 |
| Emilia fosbergii Nicols. | Cupid's Shaving Brush Tassel Flower | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), peninsular FL, pantropical weed | Occasional garden weed along firelanes | NE,SE,SW | |
| Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC | Fire Weed | Annual | All year | Newfoundland to Sask, s to s FL, & se TX, West Indies s to tropical America | Occasional in swales, swamps & along drainage ditches | SW,18, Hufty, Price |
| Erigeron quercifolius Lam. | Southern Fleabane | Annual | Jan.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, s VA to FL, w to TX | Local, along ditch bottom | SW |
| Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (Erigeron ramosus (Walter) Britton et al) | White-tops, Daisy Fleabane | Annual or biennial | May-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & TX | Occasional along overgrown firelanes | NE,NW |
| Erigeron vernus (L.) Torr. & A. Gray | Daisy Fleabane | Biennial or perennial | Dec.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, LA | Occasional in swales & ditches | 18, Hufty |
| Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small | Dog Fennel | Perennial, ruderal | Sep.-Nov. | Coastal | ||