Archbold Biological Station
P.O. Box 2057 
Lake Placid, Florida 33862 USA
Phone: 863-465-2571 FAX: 863-699-1927
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Archbold Biological Station |
Plants of Archbold Biological
Station,
Highlands County, Florida
by
Eric S. Menges, Carl W. Weekley, Rebecca Yahr,
Christopher Brand, and Dorothy Mundell
2000
Plant List
Introduction | Ferns & allies | Gymnosperms
| Monocots | Dicots
Families are in alphabetical order
The Xyridaceae are at the end of the
Dicots, in error
Images for many of these species (and range maps for all) are availabe at the "Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants" of the Institute for Systematic Botany, Univ. of South Florida, Tampa. You may search by scientific name or browse by family.
| Scientific Name | Common Name |
Life History |
Flower- ing Period |
Distribution | Habitat at ABS | Distri- bution at ABS |
| FERNS & FERN ALLIES | ||||||
| BLECHNACEAE | ||||||
| Blechnum serrulatum L.C. Rich. | Swamp Fern | Perennial, terrestrial, creeping rhizomes | All year | FL, West Indies, American tropics | Occasional Lake Annie shore, swamps, ditches in pine flatwoods & main grounds | SW, Hufty, Harris, Price, Watters |
| Woodwardia virginica (L.) Smith (Anchistea virginica (L.) C. Presl.) | Virginia Chain Fern | Perennial, terrestrial | Jan.-Jun. | e US to FL on Coastal Plain, West Indies, Bermuda | Occasional to abundant in swales, along shore of Lake Annie & in seasonal ponds | SW,NW,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| DENNSTAEDTIACEAE | ||||||
| Hypolepis repens (L.) Presl | Flakelet Fern | Perennial, terrestrial | Summer-Fall | c & s FL, West Indies, S. America | Rare | Price |
| Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Pteris caudata L.) | Bracken Fern | Perennial, rhizomatous | All year | Cosmopolitan, temperate & tropical regions; several geographical varieties | Locally common in scrub, scrubby flatwoods, sandhill & disturbed areas | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, Hufty, Price |
| LYCOPODIACEAE | ||||||
| Lycopodiella alopecuroides (L.) Cranfill (Lycopodium alopecuroides L.) | Foxtail Clubmoss | Perennial, homosporous | Sep.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS & NY, S. America | Local in seasonal ponds within bayheads & moist low flatwoods | NW |
| Lycopodiella appressa (Chapm.) Cranfill (Lycopodium appressa (Chapm.) F.E. Loyd & Underw.) | Southern Clubmoss | Perennial, homosporous | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, N. England & LA | Local in seasonal ponds within bayheads & moist low flatwoods | NW |
| Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pic. Serm. | Slender Clubmoss | All year | FL, GA, AL, VA | Rare, on moist muck, North shore of Lake Annie | Hufty | |
| NEPHROLEPIDACEAE | ||||||
| Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott | Boston Fern, Wild Boston Fern | Perennial, terrestrial or epiphytic | All year | peninsular FL, TX, Mexico, West Indies, pantropical | Common along margins of palmetto scrub, main grounds | SW, Price |
| OSMUNDACEAE | ||||||
| Osmunda cinnamomea L. | Cinnamon Fern | Perennial, macrophyllous, heteromorphous | Dec.-Feb. | FL to TX, NM, MN, Newfoundland, West Indies, tropical America, Asia; Status: CE | Common in bayheads & very low pine flatwoods | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 30, Hufty, Watters |
| Osmunda regalis (Willd.) A.Gray var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray | Royal Fern | Perennial, macrophyllous, heteromorphous | All year | FL, N. America, West Indies, Mexico, Asia; Status: CE | Common in swamps, occasional in bayheads | SW, NW, Hufty, Price, Harris, Watters |
| PARKERIACEAE | ||||||
| Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron. | Water Horn Fern | Annual, rooted emergent aquatic | Jan.-Jul. | FL, West Indies | Locally common in drainage ditches | SW |
| POLYPODIACEAE | ||||||
| Phlebodium aureum (L.) J. Smith (Polypodium aureum L.) | Golden Polypody, Serpent Fern | Perennial, epiphytic or Occasional saxicolous or terrestrial, creeping rootstock | All year | s & c FL, West Indies, Mexico, S. America | On Sabal palmetto & Serenoa repens, Main Dr, Lake Annie shore & main grounds | SE, SW, NE, Hufty |
| Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.)E.G.Andrews & Windham var. michauxiana (Weath.) E.G. Andrews & Windham. (Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt. subsp. michauxianum Weath) | Resurrection Fern | All year | s FL, FL Keys, TX, MO, n to DE West Indies, Mexico, C. & S, America, Africa | Rare epiphyte on oak & hickory in scrubby flatwoods | SW, SE, NE | |
| SALVINIACEAE | ||||||
| Salvinia minima Baker (Salvinia auriculata Aubl., misapplied) (Salvinia rotundifolia Willd., misapplied) | Water Spangles | Perennial, heterosporous, free-floating aquatic | All year | FL, tropical America, Africa | Locally abundant in stagnant water in Acer swamps & among reeds along lakeshores | Hufty, Price, Harris, Watters |
| SCHIZAEACEAE | ||||||
| Lygodium microphyllum (Cav.) R. Br. | Climbing Ferm | Perennial, climber | All Year | EXOTIC | Occasional in stumps of Lake Annie, North Shore | Hufty |
| SELAGINELLACEAE | ||||||
| Selaginella arenicola Underw. (Selaginella arenicola subsp. acanthonota (Underw.) R.M. Tryon) (Selaginella acanthonota Underw.) | Sand Spike Moss | Perennial, microphyllous, heterosporous, alt. of generations | All year | FL, GA, AL, TX | Locally abundant in scrubby flatwoods & rosemary scrub, common on firelanes | All Tracts except Watters & Harris |
| THELYPTERIDACEAE | ||||||
| Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) Iwatsuki (Thelypteris goggilodus (Schkuhr) Small) (Thelypteris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe) | Shield Fern | Perennial, colonial, creeping rootstock | All year | peninsular FL, West Indies, Mexico, C. America, S. America, Old World | Abundant understory in gum swamps | Price |
| Thelypteris kunthii (Desv.) Morton (Thelypteris macrorhizoma E.P. St. John) (Thelypteris normalis (C. Christ.) Moxley) (Thelypteris saxatilis R.P. St. John) (Thelypteris unca R.P. St. John) | Southern Shield Fern | Perennial, terrestrial, decumbent rootstock | All year | FL to SC, Gulf States to TX, West Indies, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds, drainage ditches & swales | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 30 |
| VITTARIACEAE | ||||||
| Vittaria lineata (L.) J. Smith | Shoestring Fern | Perennial, epiphyte mostly on Sabal palmetto | All year | s & c FL, disjunct in GA; Mexico to West Indies to Paraguay | Rare epiphyte on Serenoa repens | NW, SW |
| GYMNOSPERMS | ||||||
| PINACEAE | ||||||
| Pinus clausa (Chapm. ex Engelm.) Vasey ex Sarg. | Sand Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-sensitive, serotinous cones | Dec.-Feb. | sw FL to s AL, coastal & interior dunes | Common on sandhills, occasional in flatwoods & seasonal pond margins | All except Watters & Harris |
| Pinus elliottii var. densa Little & Dorman (Pinus caribaea Morelet, misapplied) (Pinus heterophylla (Elliott) Sudw.) | South Florida Slash Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-resistant | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to s peninsular FL & FL Keys | Frequent & ubiquitous | All Tracts except Harris |
| Pinus palustris Mill. | Southern Longleaf Pine | Perennial, evergreen, monoecious tree, fire-resistant | Spring | FL to TX, VA | Very rare, sandhills & palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SE, 6, 19E, 31 |
| ZAMIACEAE | ||||||
| Zamia pumila L. (Zamia angustifolia Jacq.) (Zamia floridana A. DC.) (Zamia integrifolia L. f.) (Zamia silvicola Small) (Zamia umbrosa Small) | Coontie, Florida Arrowroot | Perennial, shrub, underground stem | Fall-Winter | FL, FL Keys, West Indies | Planted along Main Drive & sparingly escaping | SE, SW |
| ANGIOSPERMS | ||||||
| MONOCOTS | ||||||
| AGAVACEAE | ||||||
| Nolina brittoniana Nash | Beargrass | Perennial, caudex stem | Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; Status: SE, FE | Rare in scrubby flatwoods, slash pine-turkey oak scrub | SE, NE,7,18,Hufty |
| Yucca filamentosa L. (Yucca filamentosa var. smalliana (Fernald) Ahle) (Yucca flaccida Haw.) | Adam's Needle | Perennial, shrub with woody caudex | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain & adjacent provinces, DE to FL & AL | Occasional in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub, & scrubby flatwoods | SE,SW,7,18,19, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| ALISMATACEAE | ||||||
| Sagittaria graminea J.G.Sm. (Sagittaria chapmanii (J.G. Sm.) C. Mohr.) (Sagittaria cycloptera (J.G. Smith) C. Mohr.) | Coastal Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Nov.-Mar. | FL, AL, GA, to NC, West Indies | Occasional along seasonal pon margins, lake shore & wet swales | SW, 18, Hufty, Hicoria, Price |
| Sagittaria isoetiformis J.G. Smith | Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Summer | s FL, GA | Occasional SE shore of Lake Annie | Price |
| Sagittaria lancifolia L. subsp. lancifolia L. | Giant Arrowhead | Perennial, monoecious with corms, stoloniferous | Spring-Fall | US, Mexico, C. America, West Indies | Ditches | Watters |
| AMARYLLIDACEAE | ||||||
| Crinum americanum L. | String-lily | Perennial, bulbous | Summer | Coastal Plain, GA & FL, w to s TX | Common in marsh | Watters |
| Zephyranthes simpsonii Chapm. | Rain-lily | Perennial, bulbous | Apr. | c & s FL; Status: ST | Rare along wet road shoulders | NW, Hicoria |
| ARACEAE | ||||||
| Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott & Endl. | Green Arum | Perennial, monoecious, limnocryptophyte | Apr.-May | Nova Scotia & QU, s to FL & LA; w to Ontario, MI, MO & TX | Common in very wet swales & Acer swamps | 18,30, Hufty, Price, Harris |
| ARECACEAE | ||||||
| Sabal etonia Swingle ex Nash | Scrub Palmetto | Perennial, shrub, protandrous, flowers | May-Jun. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; | Common in scrubby flatwoods, turkey oak sandhills, scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | All Tracts except Harris, Watters |
| Sabal palmetto (Walter) Lodd. ex Schultes | Cabbage Palm | Perennial, tree | Spring-Summer | Coastal Plain, FL to NC, West Indies | Occasional, sparingly escaping along Hill Drive, occasional in bayheads | SE,NE,NW. Along ditches, Hufty |
| Serenoa repens (Bartr.) Small | Saw Palmetto | Perennial, shrub, clonal with large, persistent rhizomes | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Common except absent from some bayheads, swales, seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Harris |
| BROMELIACEAE | ||||||
| Tillandsia balbisiana J.A. & J.H. Schult. | Cuttlefish | Perennial, acaulescent, rootless, epiphyte | All year | FL, Mexico to Panama, West Indies, & n S. America; Status: ST | Occasional to locally abundant, epiphytic mostly on oaks | SE, Hufty |
| Tillandsia fasciculata Mez var. densispica Mez | Dog-drink-water, Clustered Wild Pine | Perennial, acaulescent, rootless, epiphyte | All year | FL, C. America, West Indies, n S. America; Status: SE | Common epiphyte on pines & large oaks, Main Drive near plaza | SW,NW, Price |
| Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. (Diaphoranthema recurvata (L.) Beer) | Ball-moss | Perennial, caulescent, rupicolous, epiphyte | May-Jun. | s US, Mexico to C. America, West Indies, Argentina & Chile | Abundant epiphyte on trees & scrub | All Tracts |
| Tillandsia setacea Swartz (Tillandsia tenuifolia L., misapplied) | Air Plant | Tufted epiphyte | May-Jun. | FL, West Indies, C. & S. America | Locally common epiphyte in scrubby flatwoods | NW,NE,SE,SW, 30, Hufty |
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Dendropogon usneoides (L.) Raf.) | Spanish Moss | Perennial, rootless, branching, pendent, epiphyte | Feb.-May | VA & TN to FL & TX, West Indies, tropical & subtropical America | Common epiphyte in various habitats on trees & shrubs | All Tracts |
| Tillandsia utriculata L. | Air Plant | Perennial, acaulescent Ligni & rupicolous | Feb.-May | FL & Mexico to West Indies, C. & S. America; Status: SE | Occasional epiphyte on large trees | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| BURMANNIACEAE | ||||||
| Apteria aphylla (Nutt.) Barnhart ex Small | Nodding Nixie | Dec.-Jan. | FL to TX, West Indies | Rare in bayheads | 7 | |
| Burmannia biflora L. | Burmannia | Annual | Jan. | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, SA | Occasional, wet swales | 18 |
| Burmannia capitata (Walter) Mart. | Southern Burmannia | Annual | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, West Indies, S. America | Locally abundant, margins of seasonal ponds & swales | 31 |
| COMMELINACEAE | ||||||
| Commelina diffusa (Commelina longicaulis Jacq.) | Common Day-flower | Annual, ruderal | Jan.-Oct. | s US & tropical & warm regions world-wide | Common weed in lawns, rareon muck in flatwoods & swales | SW, 18 |
| Commelina erecta L. (Commelina erecta subsp. angustifolia (Michx.) Fernald) (Commelina elegans Kunth) (Commelina angustifolia Michx.) | Day-flower | Perennial | Mar.-Oct. | FL to TX, NJ to NE, AZ, NC, West Indies | Common in turkey oak sandhills, scrub, margins of scrubby flatwoods & firelanes | All Tracts |
| Cuthbertia ornata Small | Roseling | Perennial | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Rare, scrubby flatwoods, flatwoods & rosemary scrub | SE,SW,18,19, 30,31 |
| Tradescantia roseolens Small (Tradescantia longifolia Small) | Spiderwort | Perennial | Sep.-Oct.; Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional along firelanes & in scrubby flatwoods | 7,18,31,Hufty, Price |
| CYPERACEAE | ||||||
| Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) Clarke (Stenophyllus barbatus (Rottb.) T. Cooke) | Watergrass | Annual | Jul.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World ) | Common in gardens, sandy roadsides, firelanes & open scrub | SE,SW, 7,18, 18E,19,19E |
| Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. (Bulbostylis cilitifolia subsp. coarctata (Elliott) Kral var. coarctata (Elliott) Kral) (Stenophyllus coarctatus (Elliott) Britton) (Stenophyllus ciliatifolius (Elliott) C. Mohr) (Stenophyllus carteri Britton) | Hairsedge | Annual or perennial | Mar.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL & TX, Cuba | Abundant along firelanes & in open sand in oak-rosemary scrub | All Tracts |
| Bulbostylis stenophylla (Ell.) Clarke | Hairsedge | Annual | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, FL panhandle, Cuba | Abundant garden weed | SW |
| Bulbostylis warei (Torr.) Clarke (Stenophyllus warei (Torr.) Britton) | Hairsedge | Perennial | Jul.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL & FL panhandle | Common in scrubby flatwoods & open sand firelanes, occasional in open oak scrub | 6,7,18, Price, MacArthur |
| Carex alata Torr. | Sedge | Perennial, cespitose | Mar.-May | MA, NY, PA, s to c peninsular FL, w to TX, IN, MI | Occasional on ditch banks, pond margins | SW, 18 |
| Carex longii Mack. | Sedge | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-Summer | Nova Scotia to IN, MI & Saskatchewan, s to c FL, w to se TX, tropical America | Occasional in muck, main grounds | SW |
| Cladium jamaicense Crantz (Cladium mariscus subsp. jamaicense (Crantz) Kuk.) (Mariscus jamaicensis (Crantz) Britton ex Small) | Sawgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous, paludal | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, West Indies, Mexico, tropical America | Price | |
| Cyperus compressus L. | Flatsedge | Annual or short-lived perennial, cespitose | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE to s FL, TX, se MO, | Occasional weed of gardens & firelanes | SW, 7,18, Hicoria |
| Cyperus croceus Vahl (Cyperus retrorsus subsp. robustus (Boeck.) Kuk.) (Cyperus multiflorus (Britton) Small) (Cyperus globulosus Aubl. misapplied) | Flatsedge | Perennial | Jul.-Sep. | NJ to s Fl, w to TX, OK & MO, tropical America | Common weed of disturbed areas such as gardens, firelanes & lakeshores | SE,7, Hufty |
| Cyperus distinctus Steud. | Flatsedge | Perennial, short-rhizomatous | May-Jul. | Coastal Plain se SC to s FL & w into Apalachicola | Occasional in ditches & swales & low flatwoods | SW, 18, Hufty |
| Cyperus erythrorhizos Muhl. (Cyperus halei Torr.ex Britton) | Flatsedge | Annual, tufted, colonizer | May-Jun. | MA to Ontario, WI, SD, s to s FL, TX, w to CA, OR, WA & UT | Occasional in muck of seasonal ponds & ditches | SW, Hufty |
| Cyperus filiculmis Vahl (Cyperus martindalei Britton) | Flatsedge | Perennial | Apr.-Jul. | NH, Ontario, to MN, TX & FL | Occasional in disturbed sand in turkey oak sandhills | SE |
| Cyperus haspan L. | Flatsedge | Perennial, uliginous | May-Aug. | se VA to s FL, w to TX, TN, pantropical | Common in muck of seasonal ponds | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus lecontei Torr. | Flatsedge | Perennial, rhizomatous, colonial | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL, w to LA | Locally abundant along low muck firelanes | 7,18,30,31, Hufty, Price |
| Cyperus ligularis L. | Large Cyperus | Perennial | May-Aug. | c & s FL, tropical America, Africa | Rare, in swales & along drainage ditches | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus odoratus L. (Cyperus odoratus subsp. engelmannii (Steud.) S.D. Jones et al.) (Torulinium confertum Desv. ex Ham.) (Cyperus speciosus Vahl) (Cyperus longispicatus Norton) (Cyperus ferruginescens Boeckl.) (Cyperus ferax Rich.) (Cyperus engelmannii Steud.) | Flatsedge | Annual | Apr.-Jun. | MA to MN, generally s to FL, TX, w to CA, tropical America | Occasional in ditches, marshes & swales | SW, 18 |
| Cyperus polystachyos Rottb. (Cyperus polystachyos subsp. texensis (Torr.) Fernald) (Cyperus careyi Britton ex Small) (Cyperus filicinus Vahl, misapplied) (Cyperus microdontus Torr.) (Cyperus paniculatus Rottb.) | Panicled Cyperus | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-Fall | MA to s FL, w to TX, n to MO, pantropical | Sandy beach along lakeshore | Price |
| Cyperus retrorsus Chapm. (Cyperus retrorsus subsp. deeringianus (Britton & Small ex Small) Fernald & Griscom) (Cyperus boldgettii Torr.) (Cyperus deeringianus Britton & Small ex Small) (Cyperus litoreus (C.B. Clarke) Britton ex Small) (Cyperus nashii Britton ex Small) (Cyperus ovularis (Michx.) Torr. var. cylindricus (Elliott) Torr.) (Cyperus pollardii Britton ex Small) (Cyperus winkleri Britton & Small ex Small) | Flatsedge | Perennial | May-Aug. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, NY to s. FL, w to TX, c TN | Common in wet depressions of low flatwoods & adjacent firelanes | SE,SW, 7, 18, Price, Hicoria, MacArthur |
| Cyperus rotundus L. | Nut-grass, Coco-grass | Perennial, rhizomatous, tuberous colonial | Apr.-May | EXOTIC (Native to Eurasia), NY to s FL, w to TX, warm regions | Common garden weed | SE |
| Cyperus surinamensis Rottb. | Flatsedge | Perennial, taphrophyte | All year | Coastal Plain, SC to s FL, w to TX, tropical America, West Indies | Ditches near marsh | Watters |
| Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapm. (Eleocharis capillacea Kunth, misapplied) | Roadgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Jan.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to LA | Common, margins of seasonal ponds in flatwoods & lakeshores | NW,SW, 18,30, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Eleocharis elongata Chapm. | Spike Rush | Perennial, helophyte | Mar.-Apr. | FL, adjacent GA & AL, Jamaica | Common in swales, along lakeshores | 7,18, Hufty |
| Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult. (Eleocharis capitata R. Br.) (Eleocharis caribaea (Rottb.) S.F. Blake) | Spike Rush | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | SC to FL, w to CA, n to Great Lakes Basin, pantropical | Common in drainage ditches | SW |
| Eleocharis microcarpa Torr. (Eleocharis brittonii Svenson ex Small) (Eleocharis torreyana Boeck) | Spike Rush | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL & TX, TN & IN, West Indies | Common in drainage ditches | SW |
| Eleocharis minima Kunth (Eleocharis bicolor Chapm.) (Eleocharis uncialis Chapm. ex Small) | Spike Rush | Perennial, stoloniferous | All year | Rare, GA, FL to TX & CA, Mexico, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds | Hicoria |
| Eleocharis nana Kunth | Spike Rush | Annual | Mar.-May | c pen FL, Cuba, S. America | Common, margins of seasonal ponds | 7, 18 |
| Eleocharis vivipara Link (Eleocharis prolifera Torr.) | Spike Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain, SE VA to FL | Rare, seasonal ponds in low flatwoods | SW, 18 |
| Fimbrystylis caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. (Fimbrystylis harperi Britton ex Small) | Spike Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jul.-Aug. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL Keys, w in Gulf states to | Common in burnt-over scrubby flatwoods | 18, Hicoria |
| Fuirena scirpoidea Michx. | Umbrellagrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Dec.-May | Coastal Plain, GA, FL to se TX, Cuba | Occasional to locally abundant, margins of seasonal ponds, along lakeshores | SW, 7,18,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray (Rhynchospora axillaris (Lam.) Britton, missapplied) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Feb.-May | Chiefly Coastal Plain, NJ to s FL, w to LA | Common in seasonal ponds | SW, 7,18,19,30, 31, Hicoria, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora microcephala (Britton) Britton ex Small | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, NJ to c peninsular FL, w to MS, Cuba | Wet sand along lakeshore | Price |
| Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl (Rhynchospora fascicularis subsp. distans (Michx.) Chapm.) (Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Vahl) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, w to se TX, AK | Common in seasonal ponds | 7, 18, Hufty, MacArthur, Watters |
| Rhynchospora fernaldi Gale | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Summer-Fall | s GA to c peninsular FL, w to s AL | Common along firelanes | 18 |
| Rhynchospora filifolia Gray (Rhynchospora fuscoides C.B. Clarke, misapplied) | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose, colonizer | May | NJ to s c FL, w to e TX, Cuba | Locally common in seasonal ponds | 7, 18 |
| Rhynchospora intermedia (Chapm.) Britton | Pine Barren Beaksedge | Perennial | Spring-Summer | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to se TX, Cuba, C. America | Occasional in swales | 6 |
| Rhynchospora inundata (Oakes) Fern. | Beak-rush | Perennial, colonizer, stoloniferous | Jun.-Sep. | e MA to s & w FL | Occasional, seasonal ponds | 18, Watters |
| Rhynchospora megalocarpa Gray (Rhynchospora dodecandra Baldwin ex A. Gray) | Large-seeded Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Mar.-Apr. | NC to c FL | Occasional in flatwoods, oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | SW,SE,NE,7,18, 19,31,Hufty, MacArthur |
| Rhynchospora microcarpa Baldw. ex Gray (Rhynchospora edisoniana Britton ex Small) | Small-fruited Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, w to TX; Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola | Occasional in bayheads, seasonal ponds & swales | NW, 7, 18, Hufty |
| Rhynchospora pusilla Chapm. ex M. A. Curtis | Annual, tufted | Spring-Fall | Coastal Plain, N.C. to S. FL, w. to e. TX, WI | Dry pond margins | 18, 30 | |
| Rhynchospora tracyi Britt. | Beak-rush | Perennial, colonizing, stoloniferous paludal | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL & MS, West Indies | Common emergent macrophyte, Lake Annie | Hufty, Watters |
| Rhynchospora wrightiana Boeckl. | Beak-rush | Perennial, cespitose | Apr.-Jun. | Coastal Plain, se NC to c FL, w to s AL, Cuba, PR | Locally abundant in seasonal ponds | NW, 7, 18 |
| Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth | Bulrush | Perennial, free-floating, rooted aquatic | Winter-Spring | FL to TX, tropical America, Africa | On floating vegetation mats | Watters |
| Scleria ciliata Michx. var. ciliata Michx. (Scleria ciliata subsp. elliottii (Chapm.) Fernald) (Scleria ciliata subsp. glabra (Chapm.) Fairey) (Scleria brittonii Core) (Scleria elliottii Chapm.) | Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jan.-Jun. | se VA to FL & TX | Common in scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub & firelanes | SE,SW, 7,18, MacArthur |
| Scleria ciliata Michx. var. pauciflora (Muhl. ex Willd.) Kuk. | Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jan.-Jun. | se VA to FL & TX | Common in scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub & firelanes | SE,SW, 7,18, MacArthur |
| Scleria reticularis Michx. (Scleria reticularis subsp. pubescens Britton) (Scleria muhlenbergii Steud.) (Scleria setacea Poir, misapplied) | Sessile-spiked Nutrush, Reticulated Whipgrass | Annual | May-Jun. | MA & NY to FL & TX, IN & MO, tropical America | Common in seasonal ponds | SW, Price |
| Scleria triglomerata Michx. | Tall Nutrush | Perennial, rhizomatous | Spring-Fall | MA to Ontario & WI, s to FL & TX | Occasional along edges of seasonal ponds | 18, 18E |
| Websteria confervoides (Poir) Hooper (Eleocharis conferviodes (Poir.) T. Koyama) (Websteria submersa (C. Wright) Britton) | Websteria | Perennial, submerged aquatic, rooted in mud | FL; tropical America | Locally abundant in deep water | Lake Annie, Hufty | |
| DIOSCOREACEAE | ||||||
| Dioscorea bulbifera L. | Air-potato | Perennial, dioecious vine, bulbils & tubers | Mar.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia & Africa) | Common garden escapee around cottages in main grounds area | SW |
| ERIOCAULACEAE | ||||||
| Eriocaulon compressum Lam. | Hat Pins, Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious | Nov.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NJ to e FL, w to e TX | Common in seasonal ponds, swales & flatwoods | NW,SW, 7,18, 30,31, Hicoria |
| Eriocaulon decangulare L. | Bachelor's Buttons | Perennial, moneocious | Chiefly Coastal Plain NJ to FL, w to e TX | Rare, in low flatwoods & seasonal ponds | NW, 7, MacArthur, Watters | |
| Lachnocaulon anceps (Walter) Morong (Lachnocaulon floridanum Small) (Lachnocaulon glabrum Korn) | Bog-buttons | Perennial tufted moneocious herb | May-Sep. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & e TX | Common in low flatwoods & palmetto wire grass flatwoods | SW,7,18,19, Mac-Arthur |
| Lachnocaulon beyrichianum Sporl. ex Koern | Bog-buttons | Perennial, rhizomatous | Summer | Coastal Plain, GA | ||
| Lachnocaulon engleri Ruhl. | Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious, ephemeral, helophyte | Nov.-Jan. | Outer Coastal Plain, FL, s AL | Locally abundant in many seasonal ponds & on verges | 7,18,31, Hufty, Price |
| Lachnocaulon minus (Chapm.) Small (Lachnocaulon eciliatum Small) | Hairy Pipewort | Perennial, moneocious, ephemeral, helophyte | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, se AL | Common in open palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & low scrubby flatwoods | SW,18,19 |
| Syngonanthus flavidulus (Michx.) Ruhl. | Bantam-buttons | Perennial moneocious herb rosettes | Dec.-Feb. | Chiefly outer Coastal Plain, NC to FL, s AL | Abundant on low sandy roads, swales & wet prairies | NE,NW,SE, 7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| HYPOXIDACEAE | ||||||
| Hypoxis juncea J.E. Smith | Yellow-star Grass | Perennial, corm | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods, especially in burnt over areas & roadsides | SE,SW,6,7,18, 19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| IRIDACEAE | ||||||
| Sisyrinchium nashii Bickn. (Sisyrinchium arenicola E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium fibrosum E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium floridanum E.P. Bicknell) (Sisyrinchium fuscatum E.P. Bicknell) | Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial, cespitose | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, FL & AL | Occasional in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | 7,18,31 |
| Sisyrinchium xerophyllum Greene (Sisyrinchium solstitiale E.P. Bicknell) | Robust Blue-eyed Grass | Perennial, cespitose | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in oak scrub, scrubby flatwoods & palmetto flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19,19E,30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| JUNCACEAE | ||||||
| Juncus effusus L. var. solutus (Fern. & Wieg.) Hamet.-Ahti | Soft Rush | Perennial, rhizomatous, tussocks | Mar.-May | Cosmopolitan | Occasional in muck, edge of north swales | 18 |
| Juncus marginatus Rostk. (Juncus aristulatus Michx.) (Juncus biflorus Elliott) | Grass-leaf Rush | Perennial | Summer | Nova Scotia to MI & SD; s to s FL & TX; AZ | Occasional in swales | SW,18 |
| Juncus megacephalus M.A. Curtis | Large-headed Rush | Perennial | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, to se TX | Occasional in seasonal ponds | 30 | |
| Juncus repens Michx. | Creeping Rush | Perennial aquatic or terrestrial | Apr.-May | DE to s FL & TX; n to OK & TN, West Indies | Common on pond & lake bottoms & mucky areas in low flatwoods | SW,7,18, Hufty |
| Juncus scirpoides Lam. | Globe Rush | Perennial clump-forming rhizomes | Apr.-Jul. | s NY to s FL; w to TX, IN, MI, MO & OK | Common, ditches & pond & lake margins | SW,18,31, Hufty, Price |
| LILIACEAE | ||||||
| Lilium catesbaei Walter | Catesby's Lily, Pine Lily | Perennial, bulbous | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL, w to LA; Status: ST | Occasional to common in flatwoods, grassy seasonal ponds especially after a burn | NW,7, 18, 19,30,31 |
| Schoenocaulon dubium (Michx.) Small | Feather-shank | Perennial, scapose herb | Jun.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, FL & GA | Rare in scrubby flatwoods | SW,18 |
| Zigadenus densus (Desr.) Fern. (Tracyanthus angustifolius (Michx.) Small) | Crow-poison | Perennial, semibulbous | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL, w to e TX | Occasional in swales & dense, grassy seasonal ponds | 18 |
| MAYACACEAE | ||||||
| Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. (Mayaca aubletii Michx.) | Bog-moss | Perennial, aquatic or shore plant | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to se TX, tropical America | Common in shallow waters of Lake Annie | Hufty |
| NYMPHAEACEAE | ||||||
| Nuphar lutea (Sol.) Kartesz & Gandhi subsp. advena (Sol.) Kartesz & Gandhi (Nuphar lutea subsp. macrophyllum ( Small ) E.O. Beal) (Nuphar chartacea G.S. Mill & Standl.) (Nuphar fluviatilis R.M. Harper) (Nuphar macrophylla Small) | Spatterdock | Perennial, aquatic or paludal | Mar.-Apr. | FL to TX, MA, MN | Common in Lake Annie & Lake Placid, abundant in borrow pit, Price Tr. | 18, Hufty, Price |
| ORCHIDACEAE | ||||||
| Calopogon barbatus (Walter) Ames (Limodorum parviflorum Nash) | Bearded Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NC to s c peninsular FL, w to LA | Rare, low pine flatwoods | 18,30,Hufty, Hicoria |
| Calopogon multiflorus Lindl. (Limodorum pinetorum Small) (Limodorum multiflorum (Lindl.) C. Mohr) | Multi-flowered Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, FL to MS; Status: SE | Rare, low open flatwoods | Mit 40 |
| Calopogon pallidus Chapm. (Limodorum pallidum (Chapm.) C. Mohr) | Pale Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, w to LA | Rare, borders of seasonal ponds in low pine flatwoods | SW |
| Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton et al. (Calopogon pulchellus subsp. simpsonii (Small) Ames) (Limodorum tuberosum L.) (Limodorum simpsonii Small) (Calopogon pulchellus R. Br.) | Grass-pink | Perennial, terrestrial, scapose, corm | Apr.-May | s FL to MN, & e TX, Cuba, Bahamas | Rare, low pine flatwoods | SW |
| Encyclia tampensis (Lindl.) Small | Butterfly Orchid | Perennial, epiphytic, rhizomatous, pseudobulb | Jun. | ENDEMIC to FL; Status: CE | Very rare, epiphytic on Lyonia in oak scrub & on Nyssa in swamps | SE, NE, Price |
| Eulophia alta (L.) Fawc. & Rendle | Wild Coco | Perennial, rhizomes, bulbous corm | Aug.-Sep. | s FL, West Indies, s Mex, C. America, S. America, | Common on sandy roadsides | Hufty, Price |
| Habenaria floribunda Lindl. (Habenaria strictissma Rchb. f. subsp. odontopetala (Rchb.f.) L.O. Williams) (Habenella odontopetala (Rchb. f.) Small) (Habenaria odontopetala Rchb. f.) | Funny Face Orchid | Dec.-Feb. | s c FL, s Mexico, c America, Cuba, Puerto Rico | Occasional in bayheads & edges of swamps | NW,NE,7,Hufty, Price | |
| Habenaria repens Nutt. | Water Spider Orchid | Perennial, free-floating, aquatic or semi-aquatic, stoloniferous | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, TX, West Indies, Mexico, C. America, n S. America | Rare along pond margins & lakeshores | Hufty,SW, Price, Watters |
| Platanthera ciliaris (L.) Lindl. (Blephariglottis ciliaris (L.) Rydb.) (Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br.) | Yellow Fringed Orchid | Perennial, terrestrial, tuberous | Jul.-Aug. | Ontario to c peninsular FL, w to s MI; IL, MO, AR, e TX; Status: ST | Occasional in low flatwoods | Hufty |
| Pteroglossaspis ecristata (Fern.) Rolfe (Eulophia ecristata (Fernald) Ames) (Triorchos ecristatus (Fernald) Small) | Uncrested Eulophia | Perennial, caulescent, herb, corm | Sep.-Oct. | peninsular FL, West Indies; Status: SE | Rare, wire grass-palmetto flatwoods | 18 |
| Spiranthes praecox (Walter) S. Wats. | Grass-leaved Ladies'-tresses | Perennial, terrestrial, tuberous herb | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, NJ to s FL, w to e & se TX | Rare in swales | 18,19 |
| Zeuxine strateumatica (L.) Schltr. | Lawn orchid | Perennial, terrestrial rhizomatous herb | All year | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): c & s Fl | Roadsides and lawns | Main Drive |
| POACEAE | ||||||
| Amphicarpum muhlenbergianum (Schult.) Hitch. (Amphicarpum floridanum Chapm.) | Blue Maindencane | Perennial, amphicarpic | Jun.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, SC to s FL, FL panhandle, s AL | Locally common in disturbed scrub | SW, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| Andropogon brachystachyus Chapm. | Shortspike Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | se GA, ne, n c & peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales | NE, NW, SW, 7, 18, 19, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Andropogon floridanus Scribn. | Florida Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | ENDEMIC to c & s FL | Occasional in oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7,18E |
| Andropogon glomeratus (Elliott) C. Mohr | Bushy Bluestem | Cespitose, perennial | Oct. | FL to s CA, West Indies, Mexico, C. America | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales of pine flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Andropogon glomeratus (Elliott) C. Mohr var. glaucopsis (Elliott) C. Mohr | Bushy Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | FL to s CA, West Indies, Mexico, C. America | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales of pine flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 30, 31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Andropogon gyrans Ashe | Bottlebrush Bluestem | Cespitose, perennial | Oct.-Nov. | FL to NJ | Occasional in sand pine scrub | SE |
| Andropogon ternarius Michx. | Splitbeard Bluestem | Perennial, tufted, cespitose | Oct.-May | Coastal Plain, FL to e TX, OK & DE, rarely Blue Ridge | Margin of sandy firelanes | SW,6,7,18, Hufty |
| Andropogon tracyi Nash | Tracy's Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | ENDEMIC to Highlands Co., FL | Occasional in turkey oak sandhills | SE |
| Andropogon virginicus C.S.Campb. var. glaucus Hack. (Andropogon capillipes Nash) | Chalky Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | MA to OH, MO, & KS, s to FL & TX | Frequent in seasonal ponds & swales | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19, 19E, 30,31,Hicoria, Hufty |
| Aristida beyrichiana Trin. & Rupr. (Aristida stricta Michx., misapplied) | Wiregrass | Perennial, tufted, fire-stimulated flowering | Sep.-Oct. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, n c to s c FL, w to MS | Abundant in low palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & turkey oak sandhill | All except Watter & Price |
| Aristida gyrans Chapm. | Corkscrew Threeawn | Perennial, tufted | Oct. | FL to GA | Locally common in disturbed scrubby flatwoods, occasional in rosemary scrub | SW, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Aristida patula Chapm. ex Nash | Tall Threeawn | Perennial, short-rhizomatous | Aug.-Sep. | c peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Locally common along roadsides & in flatwoods | Hicoria |
| Aristida spiciformis Ell. | Bottlebrush Threeawn | Perennial, tufted | Oct.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to c peninsular FL & MS, Cuba, Puerto Rico | Occasional in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & seasonal ponds | SW,7,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Axonopus furcatus (Fluegge) Hitchc. | Big Carpetgrass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, FL to se VA | Rare & local along firelanes | 18 |
| Cenchrus echinatus L. | Southern Sandspur, Hedgehog Grass | Annual | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, AL, NM, tropical America, West Indies | Common weed in various disturbed sites | SE, SW |
| Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis (Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth.) (Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fernald) | Coast Sandspur, Sandbur | Perennial | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL to TX & NC | Occasional along roadsides & firelanes | SE, SW, 7 |
| Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | Bermudagrass | Perennial, rhizomatous, stoloniferous | Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa), Pantropical, Cultivated | Common weed in citrus grove | SE |
| Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. | Crowfootgrass | Annual | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Europe), Coastal Plain to AZ, ME, NJ, IL, tropical America | Railroad tracks at rough crossing | 7 |
| Dichanthelium aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark (Dichanthelium angustifolium (Elliott) Gould) (Panicum aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.)) (Panicum angustifolium Elliott) (Panicum arenicoloides Ashe) (Panicum fusiforme Hitchc.) (Panicum neuranthum Griseb.) (Panicum pinetorum Swallen) | Panic-grass | Perennial, tufted | Nov.-Jan. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL, to TX, West Indies | Abandoned gardens | SE |
| Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould (Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) Correll) (Panicum caerulescens Hack. ex Hitchc.) (Panicum dichotomum L.) (Panicum lucidum Ashe) (Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex Elliott) (Panicum nitidum Lam.) (Panicum nudicaule Vasey) (Panicum roanokense Ashe) (Panicum sphagnicola Nash) | Panic-grass | Perennial, knotted crown | Mar.-Apr. | N. Brunswick to MI, IL, s to FL & TX | Common in pine flatwoods | NW,SW,7,18, 19, 31 |
| Dichanthelium erectifolium (Nash) Gould & Clark (Panicum erectifolium Nash) | Panic-grass | Perennial, tufted | Dec.-Feb. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to LA, Cuba | Common in muck of seasonal ponds in low pine flatwoods | 7, 18 |
| Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen & Wunderlin (Dichanthelium sabulorum subsp. patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould & C.A. Clark) (Dichanthelium sabulorum subsp. thinium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould & C.A. Clark, misapplied) (Dichanthelium patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Hitchc.) (Dichanthelium sabulorum (Lam.) Gould & C.A. Clark, misapplied) (Panicum lancearium Trin.) (Panicum patentifolium Nash) (Panicum portoricense Desv. ex Ham.) (Panicum webberianum Nash) | Panic-grass | All year | Coastal Plain: VA to FL to TX, West Indies, C. America | Locally abundant in seasonal ponds, flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 18E, 19, 30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty | |
| Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henrard) (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop., misapplied) (Syntherisma sanguinale (L.) Dulac, misapplied) | Southern Crabgrass | Annual | All year | s US, West Indies, Mexico, tropical America, Old World | Occasional along firelanes | NW |
| Digitaria filiformis (Henrard) Wipff (Digitaria villosa (Walter) Pers.) (Syntherisma villosum Walter) | Shaggy Crabgrass | Cespitose, annual, possibly perennial | Spring-Fall | se US, West Indies & C. America | Occasional along firelandes & roads | SW, 30 |
| Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller | Barnyard Grass, Coast Cockspur | Annual | Apr.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL, midwest, TX | Roadside muck in low flatwoods | NW, 7 |
| Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. | Goose Grass | Annual, ruderal | Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), throughout warm temp & tropical regions | Garden weed | SE |
| Eragrostis amabilis (L.) Wight & Arn. | Feather Lovegrass | Annual | Feb. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), GA, FL, TX, Mexico, | Weed around plaza area | SW |
| Eragrostis ciliaris (L.) R. Br. | Gophertail Lovegrass | Annual, tufted | Aug.-Nov. | Warm regions of both hemispheres | Occasional, waste places | SE |
| Eragrostis elliottii S. Wats. | Elliott Lovegrass | Perennial, tufted | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, to se TX West Indies, e Mexico | Occasional along firelanes | Hicoria |
| Eragrostis virginica (Zucc.) Steud. | Coastal Lovegrass | Perennial, knotted, basal tufts | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE & MD to s FL, w to OK & e TX | Locally common along sandy roadsides | SW, Hufty, Price |
| Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack. | Centipede Grass | Perennial, stoloniferous | Jul. | EXOTIC (Native to Asia), Cultivated FL, se US, C. | Escapee from lawns & road shoulders onto sandy firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW,7 |
| Eustachys petraea (Sw.) Desv. (Chloris petraea Sw.) | Fingergrass | All year | NC to FL & TX, Mexico, West Indies, tropical America | Occasional along roads in flatwoods | SW, Hufty | |
| Heteropogon contortus | Tanglehead | Jan-Feb, Oct-Nov | ||||
| Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf | Jaragua | May | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): tropical America, FL & Gulf states | Occasional roadside weed | NW, Hufty | |
| Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. (Muhlenbergia filipes M.A. Curtis) | Hairgrass | Cespitose, perennial | Summer-Fall | MA to IN, KS, s to s FL, TX, se Mexico, West Indies | Rare along sandy roadsides | SE, Price |
| Panicum abscissum Swallen | Cutthroatgrass | Perennial, fire-stimulated flowering | May-Aug. | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE, MC | Abundant in seasonal ponds & swales | All Tracts except Harris |
| Panicum anceps Michx. (Panicum anceps subsp. rhizomatum (Hitchc. & Chase) Fernald) (Panicum rhizomatum Hitchc. & Chase) | Beaked Panicum | Perennial | Summer-Fall | NJ to KS, s to FL & TX | Rare in scrubby flatwoods | SE |
| Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (Scribn. & Merr.) Fernald | Fall Panicum | Annual | Aug. | Nova Scotia to MN, FL & TX | Rare, ditch bottoms | SW |
| Panicum hemitomon Schult. | Maidencane | Perennial, aquatic or sub-aquatic, rhizomatous | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, NJ to s. FL, w to e TX, TN; S. America | Rare in swales, common in wettest seasonal ponds & lake margins | 7,18,30,31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Panicum hians Ell. | Gaping Panicum | Perennial, cespitose | Spring-fall | VA to FL, sw US to Mexico | Occasional in disturbed swales at edge of flatwoods | Hicoria |
| Panicum maximum Jacq. | Guinea Grass | Perennial, short rhizomes | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): cosmopolitan in warm regions | Occasional on disturbed ground & firelanes | SE |
| Panicum repens L. | Torpedograss | Perennial, rhizomatous & occasionally stoloniferous | Spring-Fall | se US to Brazil, Old World tropics | Abundant along shore of lakes | Hufty, Price |
| Panicum tenerum Beyr. | Bluejoint Panicum | Perennial | Spring-Fall | se US, Cuba, Hispanola, Puerto Rico | Occasional in swales | 18 |
| Panicum verrucosum Muhl. | Warty Panicum | Annual | Jun.-Jul. | FL,TX to MA, MI, AK | Locally abundant along margins of seasonal ponds | SW, 31, MacArthur |
| Panicum virgatum L. | Switchgrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Summer-Fall | s FL to MS, MI, TN, Cuba | Occasional roadside weed | SE |
| Paspalum conjugatum Berg. | Sour Paspalum | Perennial, stoloniferous | Aug. | s FL to TX, s to Argentina; West Indies, Old World tropics | Common weed on disturbed mucky soils | SW |
| Paspalum notatum Fluegge | Bahia Grass | Densely rhizomatous | May-June | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America) | Dominant grass on Main Grounds. Established in southern flatwoods in Tract 19 | SW, 19 |
| Paspalum setaceum Michx. (Paspalum setaceum subsp. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. longipedunculatum (Leconte) A..W. Wood) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. muhlenbergii (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. rigidifolium (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. stramineum (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. supinum (Bosc ex Poir.) Trin.) (Paspalum setaceum subsp. villosissimum (Nash) D.J. Banks) (Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx.) (Paspalum debile Michx.) (Paspalum longipedunculatum LeConte) (Paspalum propinquum Nash) (Paspalum pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.) (Paspalum rigidifolium Nash) (Paspalum supinum Bosc ex Poir.) | Thin Paspalum | Perennial, cespitose | Aug. | c & se US, Mexico, C. America, West Indies | Common on disturbed sandy ground | SW |
| Paspalum urvillei Steud. | Vaseygrass | Perennial tufted with basal offshoots | May | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): VA to FL, TX & s CA, s to Argentina, Cuba | Common in low areas on lawn | SW |
| Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. (Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Bews) (Tricholaena repens (Willd.) Hitchc.) (Tricholaena rosea Nees) | Natal Grass | All year (esp. Oct.) | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): s US | Abundant along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19,19E,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price | |
| Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton | Itch Grass | Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): West Indies | Railroad | SW | |
| Rottboellia exaltata (Manisuris exaltata ) | Itchgrass | Nov | EXOTIC (Native to Asia): s & s-c FL | |||
| Saccharum giganteum (Walter) Pers. (Erianthus giganteus (Walter) P. Beauv.) (Erianathus saccharoides Michx.) | Sugarcane Plumegrass | Perennial, rhizomatous, clump-forming | Fall | Chiefly Coastal Plain & Piedmont, NY to FL, w to TX, AR, TN, & KY | Occasional clumps around shore of Lake Annie & Lake Placid | Hufty, Price |
| Sacciolepis striata (L.) Nash | American Cupscale | Perennial, aquatic-semi-aquatic, stoloniferous | Jun. | Coastal Plains, s NJ to FL, w to TN & OK, West Indies | Common on muck of seasonal ponds | SW |
| Schizachyrium niveum (Swallen) Gould | Riparian Autumngrass | Perennial, cespitose | Fall | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE, C | Rare & local among saw palmettos in oak scrub, rare in rosemary scrub | SE, 30, 31, 18 |
| Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston (Andropogon hirtiflorus (Nees) Kunth) (Andropogon semiberbis (Nees) Kunth) (Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees) (Schizachyrium semiberbe Nees) | Carimson bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct.-Nov. | s GA, FL, TX to AK, CA, Mexico, tropical America | Locally common in scrubby flatwoods | SE,SW, 30, Hufty |
| Schizachyrium scoparium (Nash) Gould var. scoparium (Michx.) Nash (Andropogon maritimus Chapm.) (Andropogan scoparius Michx.) (Andropogon stolonifer (Nash) Hitchc.) (Schizachyrium maritumum (Chapm.) Nash) (Schizachyrium rhizomatum (Swallen) Gould) (Schizachyrium stoloniferum Nash) | Little Bluestem | Perennial, cespitose | Oct. | Quebec & ME to Alberta & ID, s to FL & AK | Common in scrubby flatwoods & turkey oak sandhills | SE,SW,18E,19, 19E, Hufty, 7 |
| Setaria corrugata (Ell.) Schult. (Chaetochloa corrugata (Elliott) Scribn.) (Chaetochloa hispida Scribn.& Merr.) | Coastal Foxtail | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL, Cuba | Common along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7, Hufty, Price | |
| Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguelen (Chaetochloa geniculata (Poir.) Millsp. & Chase) (Setaria geniculata (Poir.) P. Beauv.) | Knotroot Foxtail | Perennial, subrhizomatous | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, MA to FL, TX, CA, WV to KS, tropical America | Common in marshes around Lake Annie | Hufty |
| Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Holcus halepensis L.) | Johnsongrass | Perennial, rhizomatous | Nov.-May | EXOTIC (Native to Old World): s half of US, temperate & warm regions worldwide | Occasional in disturbed sandy areas | SE, Hufty |
| Sorghastrum secundum (Ell.) Nash | Lopsided Indiangrass | Perennial, cespitose | Sep.-Oct. | SC to FL & TX | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7,18,19, Hufty |
| Spartina bakeri Merr. | Sand Cordgrass | Perennial, clump-forming | Jan.-May | FL to SC | Locally abundant in some seasonal ponds & along sandy lakeshores | SW,18,19,30, Hicoria Price, MacArthur, Watters |
| Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. (Sporobolus berteroanus (Trin.) Hitchc.) (Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc., misapplied) | Dropseed, Smutgrass | Cespitose | Apr.-Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Asia): se US, Mexico, s to Brazil, West Indies | Common weed in sandy, open soil | SE, SW |
| Triplasis purpurea (Walter) Chapm. | Purple Sandgrass | Annual, taprooted colonizer cleistogamy | Jul. | FL, TX, C. America | Common along sandy roadsides in flatwoods | NW,SW, 7, Price |
| Urochloa subquadripara (Trin.) R.D. Webster | Perennial, nodal roots, spreading | Fall | EXOTIC (Native to Asia) | Weed found on main grounds not persisting | SW | |
| PONTEDERIACEAE | ||||||
| Pontederia cordata L. (Pontederia cordata subsp. lanceolata (Nutt.) Griseb.) (Pontederia cordata subsp. lancifolia (Muhl. ex Elliott) Morong) (Pontederia lanceolata Nutt.) | Pickerelweed | Perennial | Dec.-Jun. | Nova Scotia, Ontario, to OK & n FL | Common along lake edge, lowest area of interior marshses during wet periods | Price |
| SMILACACEAE | ||||||
| Smilax auriculata Walter | Greenbrier, Catbriar | Perennial, dioecious vine | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS & NC | Ubiquitous scrambler/climber | All Tracts |
| Smilax bona-nox L. | Greenbriar | Dioecious, tuberous, rhizomatous vine | Apr. | MD & VA to x IN & MO, s to c peninsular FL & TX; Mexico | Rare scrambler/climber in flatwoods | SE,SW |
| Smilax laurifolia L. | Catbriar, Bamboo-vine | Perennial, dioecious, tuberous, rhizomatous vine | Sep.-Oct. | NJ to s FL, e TX, AK, & w TN, Cuba, Bahama Islands | Common scrambler in bayheads | NE,NW,7,18, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| TYPHACEAE | ||||||
| Typha sp. | Cattail | Perennial, aquatic or paludal, monoecious, rhizomatous | Spring-Summer | Throughout N. America | Occasional in ditches | Watters |
| DICOTS | ||||||
| ACANTHACEAE | ||||||
| Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Andrs. | Perennial, herb | Spring-summer | EXOTIC (Native to India): Palm Beach Co. FL | Disturbed areas | MG | |
| Dyschoriste oblongifolia (Michx.) Kuntze | Twinflower | Perennial, herbaceous | May-Jul. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, LA | Rare, low flatwoods | 30 |
| Justicia ovata (Chapm.) R.W.Long var. ovata (Walter) Lindau | Water Willow | Perennial, colonial hygrophyte | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, to e TX, OK, AK, TN, MO & KY | Rare, low flatwoods | SW |
| Ruellia brittoniana Leonard ex Fern. | Perennial, herbaceous | Spring-Fall | EXOTIC (Native to Mexico) | Cottage #4 | ||
| ACERACEAE | ||||||
| Acer rubrum L. (Acer rubrum subsp. trilobum Torr. & A. Gray ex K. Koch var. trilobum Torr. & A. Gray ex K. Koch) (Acer rubrum var. drummondii (Hook. & Am. ex Nutt. Sarg.) (Acer rubrum var. tridens A.W. Wood) (Rufacer rubrum (L.) Small) (Rufacer drummondii (Hook. & Arn. ex Nutt.) Small) (Rufacer carolinianum (Walter) Small) | Southern Acer | Perennial, polygamodioecious tree | Winter-Spring | e Canada to Manitoba s to s FL, OK & e TX | Rare in seasonal ponds, swales & bayheads, abundant in swamps | 18, Hufty, Harris, Hicora,Price |
| AMARANTHACEAE | ||||||
| Amaranthus blitum L. (Amaranthus lividus L.) | Pigweed | Annual, monoecious | Mar.-Apr. | e US & Cuba, pantropical weed | Rare garden weed | SE |
| Amaranthus hybridus L. | Common Pigweed | Annual, monoecious | May-Jun. | Tropical & temperate America, adventive in Old World | Occasional weed in citrus grove | SE |
| Amaranthus viridus L. | Slender Amaranth | Annual, monoecious | All year | SC, NC, FL, GA, AL, Miss. | Disturbed sites | Muck garden |
| Froelichia floridana (Nutt.) Moq. | Cottonweed | All year | MO to SD, s to FL, w to NM | Occasional to abundant along firelanes & sandy roads | All upland Tracts | |
| Gomphrena serrata L. (Gomphrena decumbens Jacq.) (Gomphrena dispersa Standl.) | Globe Amaranth | Feb.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America), FL, FL Keys | Occasional to common along dry firelanes, road shoulders | NE,SE,NW,SW,7,19,31,Hicoria, Hufty | |
| Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (Iresine canescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) (Iresine celosia L., misapplied) | Bloodleaf | Annual | Oct.-Dec. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & LA, West Indies & tropical America | Rare, margins of bayheads | NE,NW, 7 |
| ANACARDIACEAE | ||||||
| Rhus copallinum L. (Rhus copallinum subsp. leucantha (Jacq.) DC.) (Rhus leucantha Jacq.) (Rhus obtusifolia (Small) Small) | Winged Sumac | Perennial, tree or shrub | Feb.-Mar. | ME to MN, FL & TX | Occasional, edges of bayheads & trail margins | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hufty, Price |
| Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi | Brazilian Pepper | Perennial, dioecious shrub | Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America) | Occasional escapee, main grounds & Red Hill, now extirpated | SE,SW,18E, Price, Watters |
| Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (Rhus radicans L.) | Poison Ivy | Perennial, moneocious, woody vine | Feb.-Mar. | FL, Nova Scotia to MS, MN, West Indies | Local, hedges & edges of flatwoods, bayheads & margins of seasonal ponds | SE,NE,NW,SW,7, Price, Watters |
| ANNONACEAE | ||||||
| Asimina obovata (Willd.) Nash (Pityothamnus obovata (Willd.) Small) | Flag Pawpaw, Scrub Pawpaw | Perennial, shrub, protogynous, beetle pollinated | Mar.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in scrubby flatwoods, occasional in scrub, open sand | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Asimina reticulata Shuttlew. ex Chapm. (Pityothamnus reticulatus (Chapm.) Small) | Gopher-berry Pawpaw | Perennial, low shrub | Feb.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SE,NW,SW,18, Hufty, MacArthur |
| APIACEAE | ||||||
| Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Centella repanda subsp. floridana (J.M. Coult. & Rose) Small) (Centella repanda (Pers.) Small) | Coinwort | Perennial, helophyte | Apr.-Jun. | Coastal Plain, DE to s FL & TX, pantropical | Locally abundant, low ground under pines | SW,NW, NE, 7 |
| Eryngium aromaticum Baldwin | Fragrant Eryngium | Perennial herb | Apr.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL & GA | Locally common in flatwoods | NW,SW,7,18,30,31, Hicoria, MacArthur |
| Eryngium cuneifolium Small | Wedge-leaf Button Snakeroot, Scrub Celery | Perennial herb with long taproot | Aug.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to s LWR, Highlands Co., FL; Status: SE, FE | Occasional in open rosemary scrub | 6,7,30,31 Hufty |
| Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. | Water Pennywort | Perennial, free-floating aquatic or limnophyte | Apr.-Jul. | Outer Coastal Plain NC to s FL & TX, Mexico & Chile, Puerto Rico | Common emergent in lakes & swales | Hufty, Price, Harris |
| Hydrocotyle umbellata L. | Marsh Pennywort | Perennial, herb | Spring-Summer | VA,GA, FL, AL & MS | Marshes, wet woods & lakeshore | North swale west boundary, Price, 18 |
| Hydrocotyle verticillata (A.Rich) Fernald | Whorled Pennywort | Perennial | Jan.-Jun | Coastal Plain, MA to s FL, w to CA, VT, NV, tropical America | Locally common along firelane in low flatwoods | Hufty |
| Oxypolis filiformis (Henrard) Wipff subsp. filiformis (Walter) Britton | Water Dropwort | Perennial, hydrophyte | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, TX; Cuba, Bahamas | Occasional, wet prairies and seasonal ponds | 7,18, 30 |
| Ptilimnium capillaceum (Michaux) Rafinesque | Mock Bishop's-weed | Annual, hygrophyte | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, SC, MA, Piedmont to s FL, e TX, MO, KS, IL, KY | Locally abundant in drainage system & along edges of low flatwoods | NE, SW, Price |
| Spermolepis echinata (Nutt. ex DC) Heller | Annual | May-Jun. | AL to TX, CA & MO, Mexico | Rare in mowed lawn, NW corner of main grounds | NE,SW, Price | |
| APOCYNACEAE | ||||||
| Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don (Vinca rosea L.) | Madagascar Periwinkle | Mar.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to Madagascar): peninsular FL & FL | Locally common, waste ground & firelane margins | SE,NW,7,18,18E, Hufty, Price | |
| AQUIFOLIACEAE | ||||||
| Ilex ambigua (Michx.) Torr. var. ambigua (Michx.) Torr. (Ilex buswellii Small) (Ilex caroliniana (Walter) Trel.) | Carolina Holly, Sand Holly | Perennial, dioecious tree or shrub | Dec.-May | VA to FL & TX Cuba | Rare & local on edge of oak scrub | Hufty, Price |
| Ilex cassine L. var. cassine L. | Dahoon Holly | Perennial, dioecious tree | Feb.-Apr. | VA to FL & TX Cuba | Common in bayheads, around some of wetter seasonal ponds, swamps & lake shores | NE,NW,SW, 7,18,30, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Ilex glabra (L.) Gray | Gallberry | Perennial, shrub | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain Nova Scotia to FL & e LA | Common in bayheads, around some wet ponds, low flatwoods & low ground in general | NE,NW,SW,7,18, 18E,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Ilex opaca (Ashe) Ashe var. arenicola (Ashe) Ashe (Ilex cumulicola Small) | Scrub Holly | Perennial, small tree | Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | NE,NW,SE,SW,7, 19,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| ASCLEPIADACEAE | ||||||
| Asclepias curassavica L. | Scarlet Milkweed | Annual | Mar.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): s peninsular | Locally common, waste ground & firelane margins | SE,NW, 7, 18, 18E, Hufty, Price |
| Asclepias curtissii A. Gray (Oxypteryx curtissii (A. Gray) Small) | Curtiss' Milkweed, Sandhill Milkweed | Perennial, herb | Jun.-Aug. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL; Status: SE | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods | SW, 7, 18, 19, 31, MacArthur |
| Asclepias feayi Chapm.ex A. Gray (Asclepiodella feayi (Chapm. ex A. Gray) Small) | Feay's Milkweed | Perennial, herb | May-Jun. | ENDEMIC to FL | Rare, in scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | SW |
| Asclepias pedicellata Walter (Podostigma pedicellata (Walter) Vail.) | Pedicillate Milkweed | Perennial Herb | Jun.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods, pine flatwoods & swales | SW, 7, 18, 31, MacArthur |
| Asclepias tomentosa Elliott | Velvet-leaf Milkweed | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, GA & FL | Rare in scrub | SW |
| Asclepias tuberosa L. | Butterfly Weed | Perennial, herb | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & pine flatwoods | NW,SW, 7, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (Funastrum clausum (Jacq.) Schltr.) | White-vine, Milk Withe | Perennial, herbaceous vine | May-Dec. | peninsular FL & FL Keys, West Indies, Mexico, C. & S. America | Common scrambler on Hibiscus & Ludwigia peruviana | Price, Harris |
| ASTERACEAE | ||||||
| Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze | Paraguay Bur | Annual | Oct.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): widespread on Coastal Plain | Rare on firelanes | SE |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Ambrosia monophylla (Walter) Rydb.) (Ambrosia glandulosa Scheele) (Ambrosia elatior L.) | Common Ragweed, Southern Ragweed | Annual, monoecious | May-Sep. | Canada to CA & WA, s to FL & TX | Common on moister disturbed sites, roadsides & firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hufty |
| Aster adnatus Nutt. | Scale-leaved Aster | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Oct.-Dec. | Gulf coast, sw GA to s FL & Bahamas, w to MS | Rare, roadsides, palmetto scrub & low flatwoods | 7,18,19,Hufty |
| Aster carolinianus Walter | Climbing Aster | Perennial, subwoody, climbing | Oct.-Jan. | Atlantic Coastal Plain NC to FL | Common scrambler on willows | Harris |
| Aster dumosus L. (Aster dumosus subsp. subulaefolius Torr. & A. Gray var. subulaefolius Torr. & A. Gray) (Aster dumosus var. coridifolius (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray) (Aster simmondsii Small) (Aster pinifolius Alex.) (Aster gracilipes (Wiegand) Alex.) (Aster fontinalis Alex.) (Aster cordifolius Michx.) | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Jul.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain MA to s FL, w to MI, AK, LA | Rare, roadsides, firelanes & pine flatwoods | 7,19,31 | |
| Aster reticulatus Pursh (Doellingeria reticulata (Pursh) Greene) | White-top Aster | Perennial | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC,GA, s c peninsular FL, FL panhandle | Occasional in pine flatwoods, rare in swales | SW,6,7,18,19,19E, 30,31,Hicoria, Hufty |
| Aster subulatus Michx. (Aster subulataus subsp. cubensis (DC.) Shinners var. cubensis (DC.) Shinners) (Aster subulatus var. ligulatus Shinners) (Aster inconspicuus Less.) (Aster exilis Elliott) | Slim Aster | Annual, limnodophyte or hygrophyte | Oct.& Jan. | s ME to s peninsular FL & FL Keys, w to CA, inland to MO & KS, tropical America | Occasional along lakeshores, rare in swales | 18, Price |
| Aster tortifolius Michx. (Sericocarpus bifoliatus Porter) (Sericocarpus acutisquamosus (Nash) Small) | White-topped Aster | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & w to LA | Occasional in open grassy-palmetto pine flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| Baccharis halimifolia L. (Baccharis halimifolia subsp. angustior DC.) | Groundsel Bush, Silverling | Perennial, shrub, polygamodioecious | Oct.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, MA to FL & TX, inland to AK, West Indies | Occasional in gallberry flatwoods, in roads & ditches, abundant along railroad | NE,NW,SW, 7,18,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Balduina angustifolia (Pursh) Robinson (Actinospermum angustifolium (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray.) | Yellow Buttons | Biennial (strict), herbaceous | All year | Coastal Plain, se NC to peninsular FL, SC, w to s | Common in sandhills, scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub, firelanes & seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Watters & Harris |
| Bidens alba L. (Bidens pilosa var. radiata Sch. Bip.) | Beggar Ticks | Annual | All year | s FL, SC, MS & LA, Mexico, West Indies, C. America & Old World | Common but local, hedges, edges, fallow gardens & other disturbed areas | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7,18, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Bidens mitis (Michx.) Sherff | Beggar Ticks | Annual | Oct.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, MD to s peninsular FL, w to se TX | Occasional in wet swales, seasonal ponds, & along lakeshores | NE,18, Hufty, Price |
| Carphephorus corymbosus (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray | Florida Paintbrush | Perennial, herb | Oct. | se GA, s FL to Lake Okeechobee, FL panhandle | Occasional in palmetto scrub & low flatwoods | 7,18, 30, 31, Hufty |
| Carphephorus odoratissimus (J.F. Gmel.) Herbert (Trilisa odoratissima (J.F.Gmel.) Cass.) | Vanilla Plant | Perennial, herb | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, e c NC to s peninsular FL, w to se | Rare, in scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | SW,7, 30, Hufty |
| Carphephorus paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Hebert (Trilisa paniculatus (J.F. Gmel.) Cass) | Deer Tongue | Perennial, herb | Jul.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, e c NC to s c peninsular FL, FL panhandle, se AL | Occasional, low flatwoods, seasonal ponds & swales | 7,18 |
| Chrysopsis scabrella Torr. & A. Gray (Heterotheca scabrella (Torr. & A. Gray) R.W. Long) | Golden Aster | Perennial, herb | Nov. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS | Occasional, but very local, scrubby flatwoods & abandoned fields | 18,19 |
| Cirsium horridulum Michx. | Purple Thistle | Biennial, herb | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal ME to FL & TX, PA, TN, West Indies, Mexico | Rare along roadsides & pine flatwoods | NW,SW, 7 |
| Cirsium nuttallii DC. | Thistle | Biennial, herb | Apr. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, se VA, SC to peninsular FL, along gulf coast to MS | Rare along undisturbed trail | NW |
| Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC. (Eupatorium coelestinum L.) | Mist Flower | Perennial, rhizomatous herb | Aug.-Sep. | NJ to KN, s to s peninsular FL, to c TX, w Cuba | Occasional along edges of seasonal ponds, roadsides | 7,SE |
| Conyza canadensis L. var. pusilla (Nutt.) Cronquist (Erigeron canadensis subsp. pusillus (Nutt.) Ahles) (Leptilon pusillum (Nutt.) Britton) (Conyza parva Cronquist) | Dwarf Horseweed | Annual | Mar.-Oct. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, e US s to tropical America | Occasional, along undisturbed fire trails | NE,NW,31, Hufty |
| Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. (Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk.) (Verbesina alba L.) | Annual or perennial in warm climates | All year | Coastal Plain to Piedmont, MA to West Indies, s to s FL & TX, CA, tropical | Occasional along lakeshores, in ditches & swales | SW, 18, Price | |
| Elephantopus elatus Bertol. | Florida's Elephant's Foot | Perennial herb | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC into FL & LA | Occasional in palmetto scrub & scrubby flatwoods | SW,6,7,18,19, 30, 31 |
| Emilia fosbergii Nicols. | Cupid's Shaving Brush Tassel Flower | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Old World), peninsular FL, pantropical weed | Occasional garden weed along firelanes | NE,SE,SW | |
| Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC | Fire Weed | Annual | All year | Newfoundland to Sask, s to s FL, & se TX, West Indies s to tropical America | Occasional in swales, swamps & along drainage ditches | SW,18, Hufty, Price |
| Erigeron quercifolius Lam. | Southern Fleabane | Annual | Jan.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, s VA to FL, w to TX | Local, along ditch bottom | SW |
| Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. (Erigeron ramosus (Walter) Britton et al) | White-tops, Daisy Fleabane | Annual or biennial | May-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & TX | Occasional along overgrown firelanes | NE,NW |
| Erigeron vernus (L.) Torr. & A. Gray | Daisy Fleabane | Biennial or perennial | Dec.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, LA | Occasional in swales & ditches | 18, Hufty |
| Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam.) Small | Dog Fennel | Perennial, ruderal | Sep.-Nov. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, NJ to s FL, s AK, LA & e TX, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba | Occasional, disturbed ground & along drainage ditches | SW,Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Eupatorium leptophyllum DC. | Fennel | Perennial, rhizomatous | Oct. | se NC to s FL, FL panhandle, GA & s AL, Bahamas, Cuba | Locally abundant, margin of seasonal ponds | 6,7,18,19,30,31, Price |
| Eupatorium mohrii Greene | Thoroughwort | Perennial, tuberous rhizomes | May-Sep. | Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, w to LA | Occasional in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SW,18,19,31, Hufty, MacArthur, Watters |
| Euthamia caroliniana (L.) Greene ex Porter & Britton (E. minor (Michx.) Greene) (Euthamia tenuifolia (Pursh) Greene) (Solidago microcephala (Greene) Bush) | Flat-topped Goldenrod | Perennial, rhizomatous | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, MD & VA to s FL, w to s AL, s MS & | Common, margins of seasonal ponds, swales & prairies | SW,7,18,18E,19, 30, 31, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Garberia heterophylla (Bartr.) Merr. & Harp. (Garberia fruticosa (Nutt.) A. Gray) | Garberia | Perennial, evergreen, shrub | Oct.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to c & n peninsular FL; Status: ST | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | SE,NW,SW,18E,19, 19E, Hufty |
| Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. | Rabbit Tobacco | Annual | Sep.-Oct. | Throughout N. America | Rare, margin of palmetto scrub | 7, 19 |
| Gnaphalium pensylvanicum Willd. | Cud Weed | Spring-summer | Com., throughout | Harris | ||
| Gnaphalium purpureum L. | Cud Weed | Annual or biennial | Apr. | Native America weed. Widespread | Common along firelanes | NE,NW, Price |
| Hartwrightia floridana A.Gray ex S. Watson | Florida Hartwrightia | Perennial | Oct.-Nov. | ne to s c peninsular FL; Status: ST | Rare in swales, wet flatwoods & wet meadows | Hufty, 18, 19, 30 |
| Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britt & Rusby (Heterotheca latifolia Bucklely) | Camphor-weed | Annual or short-lived perennial, somewhat ruderal | May-Oct. | sw US & adjacent Mexico, e to AK, mainly Coastal Plain DE & Long Island to FL | Rare in scrubby flatwoods, low flatwoods, common on roadsides & disturbed areas | NE,SE,NW,SW,7,18, Hicoria, Hufty |
| Hieracium gronovii L. | Hawkweed | Jan.-Oct. | FL to TX, MA, Ontario | Occasional along trails, undisturbed sandy road & palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,18, 19,31 | |
| Lactuca graminifolia Michx. | Wild Lettuce | Biennial | Mar.-Aug. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL & TX, n Mexico | Occasional, waste places, ditch banks, roadsides & pine flatwoods | NW,SW,Hufty |
| Liatris chapmanii Torr. & A. Gray (Laciniaria chapmannii subsp. longifolia Small) (Laciniaria chapmanii (Torr. & A. Gray) Kuntze) | Chapman's Blazing Star | Perennial herb | Aug.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL, GA | Occasional on rosemary scrub & oak scrub | 18,31 |
| Liatris ohlingerae (Blake) Robinson (Ammopursus ohlingerae (S.F. Blake) Small) | Scrub Blazing Star, Flatwoods Gayfeather | Perennial herb, bulb | Jun.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to LWR; Status: SE, FE | Rare in scrubby flatwoods, occasional in rosemary scrub | SE,SW,6,7,18,31, Hufty, Price |
| Liatris tenuifolia Chapm. var. quadriflora Chapm. (Liatris tenuifolia subsp. laevigata (Nutt.) V.L. Rob.) (Liatris laevigata Nutt.) | Blazing Star | |||||
| Liatris tenuifolia Chapm. var. tenuifolia Nutt. (Laciniaria tenuifolia (Nutt.) Kuntze) | Slender Blazing Star | Perennial herb, fire-stimulated flowering | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL to AL & NC | Common in palmetto scrub, pine flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods & sandhills | SE,NW,SW, 7,18,18E, 19,30, 31, Hufty |
| Lygodesmia aphylla (Nutt.) DC | Rush Pink, Roserush | Sep.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, GA to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & flatwoods | NW,SW,6,7,18,30, 31, Hufty | |
| Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd. | Perennial, vine | All year | s FL Keys, West Indies, Mexico | Price | ||
| Mikania scandens (L.) Willd. | Climbing Hempweed | Perennial, twining vine | Sep.-Dec. | ME to s Ont, MI,IL, MO, s to s FL, se OK, e TX, tropical America | Occasional vine in swales, low flatwoods & palmetto scrub | SW,18,31,Hufty, Price |
| Palafoxia feayi A. Gray | Palafoxia | Perennial, semi-woody shrub | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to FL | Common & ubiquitous, especially in scrubby flatwoods & openings in oak scrub | All Tracts except Watters, Harris |
| Palafoxia integrifolia (Nutt.) Torr. & A.Gray (Polypteris integrifolia Nutt.) | Pink Lace | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, GA & FL | Locally common in scrubby flatwoods after burns | 7,18 | |
| Pectis linearifolia Urban | s FL & West Indies | Occasional along firelanes | Hicoria, 31 | |||
| Phoebanthus grandiflorus (Torr. & Gray) Blake | Perennial, horiz. tubers, postfire | Spring-fall | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Sandhills | SW, Red Hill | |
| Pityopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Nutt. (Pityopsis graminifolia subsp. latifolia (Fernald) Small) (Chrysopsis graminifolia subsp. microcephala (Small) Cronquist) (Heterotheca nervosa subsp. microcephala (Small) Shinners) (Pityopsis graminifolia subsp. microcephala (Small) Semple) (Heterotheca graminifolia subsp. tracyi (Small) R.W. Long) (Chrysopsis graminifolia (Michx.) Elliot) (Heterotheca graminifolia (Michx.) Shinners) (Heterotheca microcephala (Small) Shinners) (Heterotheca nervosa (Willd.) Shinners) (Pityopsis tracyi (Small) Small) | Silk Grass, Grass-leaved Golden Aster | Perennial, stoloniferous herb, fire-stimulated flowering & growth | Sep.-Nov. | e & s US | Common in sandhills & yellow sand, occasional scrubby flatwoods & flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19,19E, 30,31,Hufty |
| Pluchea foetida (L.) DC. (Pluchea imbricata (Kearney) Nash) (Pluchea tenuifolia Small) | Stinkweed, Stinking Fleabane | Perennial, heterogamic | Aug.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, s NJ to s c peninsular FL, | Occasional along lakeshores | Hufty |
| Pluchea longifolia Nash | Fleabane | Perennial, heterogamic | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC n FL to c peninsular FL | Occasional in swamps & along lakeshores | Hufty, Price |
| Pluchea rosea R.K. Godfrey | Marsh Fleabane | Perennial, heterogamic | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL & FL Keys, w to se TX, Bahamas, Cuba | Occasional in low palmetto scrub & margins of seasonal ponds | SW,7, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Pterocaulon pycnostachyum (Michx.) Elliott (Pterocaulon undulatum C. Mohr) (Pterocaulon virgatum (L.) DC., misapplied) | Blackroot | Perennial herb | May-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s peninsular FL, FL panhandle, adjacent AL | Occasional along roadsides, oak scrub, scrubby flatwoods & flatwoods | NE,SE,SW, 6,7,18,19, 30,31, MacArthur |
| Rudbeckia hirta L. | Black-eyed Susan | Biennial or perennial | Jun.-Aug. | Newfoundland to British Columbia, s to s FL & Mexico | Rare in disturbed scrub | Hicoria |
| Solidago fistulosa Mill. | Giant Goldenrod | Perennial herb, crowns, stolons & horizontal caudex | Aug.-Oct. | Newfoundland to s FL, w to LA, mainly Coastal Plain | Locally common, margins of low flatwoods, swales, ditch banks,pond margins | 6,7,18,19,30,31, Hufty, Harris |
| Solidago gigantea Ait. | Giant Goldenrod | Perennial crown & stolons | Oct. | Nova Scotia & Quebec to OR, s to sw GA, peninsular FL & TX, w to VT & CO | Rare, swales | 19 |
| Solidago odora (Torr. & A.Gray) Cronquist var. chapmanii (Torr. & A. Gray) Cronquist | Chapman's Goldenrod | Perennial, clonal herb, fire-stimulated | Apr.-Sep. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in sandhills & scrubby flatwoods, especially after fire | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6, 7,18,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur, Watters |
| Sonchus asper (L.) Hill | Spiny-leaved Sow Thistle | Annual | Feb.-Apr. | EXOTIC (Native to Europe): cosmopolitan | Rare garden weed | SE,SW |
| Sonchus oleraceus L. | Common Sow Thistle | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | EXOTIC (Native to Europe): cosmopolitan | Rare garden weed | SW |
| Verbesina virginica L. | Frost Weed | Perennial, hygrophyte | Sep.-Oct. | VA to MO & se KS, to s FL & TX | Rare along drainage system | SW |
| Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. (Vernonia gigantea subsp. ovalifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Urbatsch) (Vernonia altissima Nutt.) (Vernonia ovalifolia Torr. & A. Gray) | Iron Weed | Perennial herb | Aug.-Sep. | sw GA, c FL | Rare in sand pine scrub | SW, SE |
| Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchcock | Creeping Oxeye | Perennial, rhizomatous | All year | EXOTIC (Native to West Indies): s & c FL | Occasional escapee from cultivation, planted on main grounds & Main Drive | SE,SW |
| Youngia japonica (L.) DC. (Crepis japonica (L.) Benth.) | Oriental Hawksbeard | Annual | Sep.-Nov. | EXOTIC (Native to s Asia): cosmopolitan | Rare along lakeshore | Price |
| BEGONIACEAE | ||||||
| Begonia cucullata Willd. (Begonia cucullata subsp. hookeri (DC.) A. DC. var. hookeri (DC.) A. DC.) (Begonia semperflorens Link & Otto) | Wax Begonia | Jul.-Aug. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America) | Rare escapee from cultivation, along edge of borrow pit; possibly extirpated | Price | |
| BIGNONIACEAE | ||||||
| Campsis radicans (L.) Seeman ex Bureau (Bignonia radicans L.) | Trumpet creeper | Perennial, woody vine | May-Nov. | Coastal Plain & adjacent provinces, NJ, s to FL & | Occasional escapee along roadsides & on fences | SE |
| BRASSICACEAE | ||||||
| Cardamine debilis D. Don | Bitter-cress | Jan.-Feb. | EXOTIC (Native to Asia): FL | Locally abundant in muck garden | SW | |
| Lepidium virginicum L. | Peppergrass, Poorman's Pepper | Annual or biennial | Jan.-Apr. | QU to MN, s FL & TX; West Indies, Mexico C. & S. America Old World | Common in citrus groves, fallow fields & roadsides | SE,SW,Hufty, Harris |
| Raphanus raphanistrum L. | Wild Radish | Annual | Apr. | EXOTIC (Native to Eurasia): Widespread | Rare EXOTIC, not persistent | SW |
| Warea carteri Small | Carter's Mustard | Annual with fire-stimulated growth | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to c & s FL; Status: SE, FE | Rare & local in scrubby flatwoods (especially adjacent to yellow sand) | 6, 7,18,18E,30,Hufty, MacArthur |
| BUDDLEJACEAE | ||||||
| Polypremum procumbens L. | Rustweed | Perennial, herb | Spring-Fall | Long Island, NJ, e PA to e MO, s to s FL & e TX, tropical America | Common, natural fire breaks & margins of firelanes | SE,SW,6,7,18,18E, 19,19E,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| CACTACEAE | ||||||
| Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (Opuntia compressa subsp. ammophila (Small) L.D. Benson) (Opuntia compressa subsp. austrina (Small) L.D. Benson) (Opuntia ammophila Small) (Opuntia austrina Small) (Opuntia compressa J.F. Macbr.) (Opuntia cumulicola Small) (Opuntia eburnispina Small ex Britton & Rose) (Opuntia impedata Small ex Britton & Rose) (Opuntia lata Small) (Opuntia pisciformis Small ex Britton & Rose) (Opuntia pollardii Britton & Rose) (Opuntia polycarpa Small) (Opuntia turbinata Small) (Opuntia turgida Small ex Britton & Rose) | Prickly-pear Cactus | Perennial, thorny, succulent | Apr.-Jun. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont | Occasional to abundant in scrubby flatwoods, scrub, sandhills & seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Harris & Watters |
| CAMPANULACEAE | ||||||
| Lobelia glandulosa Walter | Glades Lobelia | Perennial, hydrophyte | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & outer Piedmont, se VA to s FL, FL | Rare in swales | 18 |
| Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Greene (Triodanis perfoliata subsp. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) T.R. Bradley) (Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) | Venus Looking-glass | Annual | Apr.-May | Ontario to British Columbia, FL to TX & CA, West Indies, Mexico, C. & S. America | Occasional weed in lawns | SW |
| CAPPARACEAE | ||||||
| Polanisia tenuifolia Torr. & A. Gray (Aldenella tenuifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Greene) | Jan.-Feb. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS | Occasional in open scrubby flatwoods & along sandy firelanes | 6,7,18,30,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur | ||
| CAPRIFOLIACEAE | ||||||
| Lonicera sempervirens L. (Phenianthus sempervirens (L.) Raf.) | Trumpet Honeysuckle | Perennial, woody vine | Mar. | N. England to IA, NE, s to FL & TX | Planted along Loop Drive, escapes sparingly | SE |
| Sambucus canadensis L. (Sambucus simpsonii Rehder) | Southern Elderberry | Perennial, shrub, hygrophyte | All year | Nova Scotia & Quebec to Manitoba & SD, s to FL & TX, West Indies, Mexico | Common in bayheads, marshes & swamps | NE,NW,SW, Hufty, Harris, Price |
| Viburnum nudum L. (Viburnum cassinoides L.) | Possum Haw | Perennial, shrub or tree | Apr. | Newfoundland to Manitoba, s to n FL & e TX | Rare in low flatwoods & bayheads | NW, 7 |
| Viburnum obovatum Walter (Viburnum nashii Small) | Walter's Viburnum | Perennial, shrub or tree | May | Coastal Plain, SC to s FL, se AL | Sparingly escaped from planting along Loop Drive | SE |
| CARICACEAE | ||||||
| Carica papaya L. | Papaya | Perennial, dioecious tree or shrub | All year | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): peninsular FL, FL Keys, Mexico | Rare, disturbed area of berm | Price |
| CARYOPHYLLACEAE | ||||||
| Agrostemma githago L. | Corn Cockle | Mar. | EXOTIC (Native to Europe) | Rare garden weed | SE | |
| Drymaria cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. | West Indian Chickweed | Annual | All year | FL, West Indies, tropical & subtropical America | Common weed in lawns | SW |
| Paronychia americana (Nutt.) Fenzl ex Walp. (Paronychia americana subsp. pauciflora (Small) Chaudhri) (Siphonychia americana (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray) (Siphonychia pauciflora Small) | Annual or biennial | Jan.-Jul. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Common along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW,19, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur | |
| Paronychia chartacea Fern. subsp. chartacea Fern. (Nyachia pulvinata Small) | Papery Whitlow-wort | Annual, dioecious, mat-forming | Jun.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to ridges of s c FL: Status: SE, FT | Common along firelanes & in open rosemary scrub, occasional in scrubby flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| Paronychia herniarioides (Michx.) Nutt. (Gastronychia herniarioides (Michx.) Small) | Annual | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods | 30, Hicoria | |
| Stipulicida setacea C.W.James | Wireweed, Deyrup's Dilemma | Perennial | Oct.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, MS | Common in rosemary scrub and along firelanes | All upland tracts |
| Stipulicida filiformis Nash | ||||||
| CHENOPODIACEAE | ||||||
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Ambrina ambrosioides (L.) Spach.) | Mexican Tea | Apr.-Nov. | Cosmopolitan | Locally common along lakeshores & moist firelanes | NW, Hufty, MacArthur | |
| CHRYSOBALANACEAE | ||||||
| Licania michauxii Prance (Chrysobalanus oblongifolius Michx.) (Geobalanus oblongifolius (Michx.) Small) (Geobalanus pallidus Small) | Gopher Apple | Perennial, creeping low shrub, clonal | Feb.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, FL to MS & GA | Common in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub & open scrubby flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| CISTACEAE | ||||||
| Helianthemum corymbosum Michx. (Crocanthemum corymbosum (Michx.) Britton) | Frostweed | Perennial, subshrub | Mar.-Jun. | Coastal Plain SC to FL | Occasional in swales & low flatwoods | SW,Hufty |
| Helianthemum nashii Britt. (Crocanthemum nashii (Britton) Barnhart) (Crocanthemum thyrsoideum (Barnhart) Janch.) | Frostweed | Perennial, clonal subshrub | Apr.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common along firelanes, open sand pine scrub & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7,18,18E,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Lechea cernua Small | Hoary Pinweed, Nodding Pinweed | Perennial, woody-based, fire-stimulated growth | Jul.-Aug. | ENDEMIC to Lake Wales Ridge & e coast of peninsular FL; Status: ST, MC | Locally common in rosemary scrub, especially after fire | 6,7,18,19,30,31, Hufty |
| Lechea deckertii Small (Lechea myriophylla Small) | Woody Pinweed | Perennial, woody-based | Jun.-Sep. | Coastal Plain s GA to peninsular FL | Common in rosemary scrub & open scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7,18,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Lechea divaricata Shuttlew. ex Britt. | Pinweed | Perennial, woody-based | Jun.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to FL; Status: SE | Occasional on sand in open prairies | SW |
| Lechea sessiliflora Raf. (Lechea exserta Small) (Lechea patula Legg) (Lechea prismatica Small) | Pinweed | Perennial, woody-based | All year | FL | Occasional along firelanes & in scrub | NE,NW,SW, 7,30 |
| Lechea torreyi (Chapm.) Legg. ex Britton | Pinweed | Perennial, woody-based | All year | Coastal Plain SC to FL | Occasional in low flatwoods & palmetto-wire grass stands | 7,18,19,30,31,Hufty |
| CLUSIACEAE | ||||||
| Hypericum brachyphyllum (Spach) Steud. | Perennial, shrub | Apr.-May | s GA to s FL, w to s MS | Occasional in swales | 30, Hufty | |
| Hypericum cistifolium Lam. (Hypericum opacum Torr. & A. Gray) | Flat-topped Hypericum | Annual, shrub | May-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s pen FL; w to e TX | Occasional in seasonal ponds | SW,7,Hufty, Price, NE |
| Hypericum cumulicola (Small) P. Adams (Sanidophyllum cumulicola Small) | Highland's Scrub St. John's-wort, Highland's Scrub | Perennial herb | Apr.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to Lake Wales Ridge in Polk & Highlands Cos. in c FL; Status: SE, FE | Occasional in rosemary scrub & oak scrub, on white sand | 6,7,19,30,31, Hicoria,Hufty, MacArthur |
| Hypericum edisonianum (Small) Adams & Robson. (Ascyrum edisonianum Small) | Edison's Hypericum | Perennial, clonal shrub | Mar.-Dec. | ENDEMIC to Highlands, Glades & DeSoto Cos. of peninsular FL; Status: SE, MC | Abundant on low, open ground & bottoms of sandy seasonal ponds | All Tracts except Harris |
| Hypericum fasciculatum Lam. (Hypericum aspalathoides Willd.) | Sandweed | Perennial, shrub | Apr.-Nov. | Coastal Plain NC to s FL, w to s MS | Occasional in seasonal ponds & on lakeshores | NW,SW,7,18,19, Hufty,MacArthur, Watters |
| Hypericum gentianoides (L.) Britton et al. (Sarothra gentianoides L) | Pinweed | Annual | Sep.-Oct. | FL to TX, Ontario to ME | Locally common in swales | 18,31 |
| Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz (Ascyrum hypercoides L) (Ascyrum linifolium Spach) | St. Andrew's-cross | Perennial, clonal shrub | VA to MO, s to s FL & e TX, Bermuda, Bahamas, West Indies, C. America | Rare, low flatwoods & oak scrub | SE,6, Hufty | |
| Hypericum mutilum L. | Dwarf St. John's-wort | Perennial | Newfoundland & Quebec to Manitoba, s to s FL & c TX | Locally common along undisturbed low firelanes | NE,Hufty,Price | |
| Hypericum reductum (Svenson) W.P.Adams | Sand Hypericum | Perennial, clonal shrub | Apr.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, se NC to c pen FL, FL panhandle, se AL | Common in flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | All Tracts except Harris |
| Hypericum tetrapetalum Lam. (Ascyrum tetrapetalum (Lam.) Vail ex Small) | St. Peter's-wort | Perennial, shrub | All year | Coastal Plain, se GA to s peninsular FL, e FL panhandle, Cuba | Occasional, low ground & margins of low flatwoods | 6,7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria,Hufty |
| Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf. | Marsh St. John's-wort | Perennial, rhizomatous | Jun.-Aug. | NJ to NY, s c peninsular FL, w to e TX | Occasional on lakeshores | Hufty, Price |
| CONVOLVULACEAE | ||||||
| Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. | Dodder, Love Vine | Perennial, parasitic vine | May | Cosmopolitan: MA to FL, TX, WA & CA, West Indies, | Occasional on Bidens alba var. radiata | SE, SW |
| Dichondra caroliniensis Michx. | Pony-foot Sheep Grass | Perennial herb | January | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, Bermuda, Bahamas, w to | Locally abundant in lawns | SE, SW |
| Ipomoea alba L. (Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House) | Moon Flower | Perennial, vine | Jun.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Pantropical): s FL | Common climber on shrubbery | Harris |
| Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet | Morning Glory | Perennial vine | May-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa): Naturalized where cultivated, s FL, tropical America | Common in old garden area | SW |
| Ipomoea cordatotriloba Dennst. (Ipomoea trichocarpa Elliott) | Sept.-Oct. | GA,FL,AL, Miss. | ||||
| Ipomoea indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. acuminata (Vahl) Fosberg (Ipomoea acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.) (Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy) | Morning Glory | Sep.-Dec. | peninsular FL, FL Keys to s TX; pantropical | Occasional on scrubby edges | NE, SE, NW | |
| Ipomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer | Wild Potato Vine | May-Oct. | NY,OH,MI, MO,& KS, s to s c peninsular FL & e TX | Occasional on scrubby edges | SE, SW | |
| Ipomoea quamoclit L. (Quamoclit quamoclit (L.) Britton) | Cypress Vine | Annual, twining vine | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, pantropical | Garden weed on pineapple, not persisting | SW |
| Ipomoea x leucantha Jacq. | Morning Glory | Aug.-Oct. | ||||
| Meremia dissecta (Jacq.) Hall (Ipomoea sinuata Ortega) (Operculina dissecta (Jacq.) House) | Perennial vine | Spring-Fall | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America) | Disturbed thickets | Watters, SW | |
| Stylisma abdita Myint. | Perennial, herb | Spring-Summer | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE | Occasionally, open sand in rosemary scrub | 30, 31 | |
| Stylisma villosa (Nash) House (Bonamia villosa (Nash) K.A. Wilson) | Sandpine Rosemary | Perennial, herbaceous vine | Jun.-Jul. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Rare vine in hickory scrub | MacArthur |
| CUCURBITACEAE | ||||||
| Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mats. & Nakai (Citrullus vulgaris Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh) (Citrullus citrullus (L.) Small) | Citron | Annual, vine | Apr.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical Africa) | Occasional along firelanes | NE,SW,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria |
| Melothria pendula L. (Melothria pendula subsp. aspera Cogn.) (Melothria pendula subsp. crassifolia (Small) Cogn.) (Melothria crassifolia Small) (Melothria nashii Small) | Creeping Cucumber | Perennial, monoecious or polygamous, vine | Feb.-Sep. | s FL to Mexico, VA, MO | Local, disturbed ground & ditch banks | SW, Hufty, Price |
| Momordica charantia L. | Wild Balsam Apple | Perennial, herbaceous vine | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Old World tropics) | Local in ruderal habitats, hedges & edges, post-fire in oak scrub | SW, Hufty, Price |
| CYRILLACEAE | ||||||
| Cyrilla racemiflora L. (Cyrilla racemiflora L. subsp. parviflora Sarg.) (Cyrilla arida Small) (Cyrilla parviflora Raf.) | Leatherwood, Swamp Titi | Perennial, shrub | Spring-Summer | Coastal Plain FL to TX, VA, MO | Swamps | Price |
| DROSERACEAE | ||||||
| Drosera capillaris Poir. | Pink Sundew | Perennial, insectivorous, hygrophyte | Dec.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, VA to FL & TX, tropical America | Common, moist margins of ponds & swales | NW,SW,7,18,30, 31, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| EBENACEAE | ||||||
| Diospyros virginiana L. (Diospyros mosieri Small) | Persimmon | Perennial, dioecious tree | Apr. | s N. England, s to FL & e TX | Locally common in mucky areas, occasional in disturbed areas | NW, Hicora, Price |
| EMPETRACEAE | ||||||
| Ceratiola ericoides Michx. | Florida Rosemary | Perennial, dioecious, evergreen shrub | Oct.-Nov. | Coastal Plain SC to FL & MS | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & scrub, locally abundant on white sand balds | SE,SW,6,7,18, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| ERICACEAE | ||||||
| Bejaria racemosa Ventenant | Tarflower | Perennial, evergreen shrub | May-Jun. | Coastal Plain, se GA to s peninsular FL | Ubiquitous, especially in scrubby flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| Gaylussacia dumosa (Andrews) Torr. & A.Gray (Lasiococcus dumosa (Andrews) Small) | Dwarf Huckleberry | Perennial, deciduous shrub | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain & other provinces. N.foundland to WV, s to FL & LA | Occasional in sandy areas of scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | All upland Tracts |
| Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. & A. Gray ex Torr. var. tomentosa A. Gray (Gaylussacia frondosa subsp. nana (A. Gray)) (Decachaena nana (A. Gray) Small) (Decachaena tomentosa (A. Gray) Small) (Gaylussacia nana (A. Gray) Small) (Gaylussacia tomentosa (A. Gray) Small) | Dangleberry | Late Mar. | NH to OH, s to c FL, FL panhandle, s MS & LA | Rare, in bayheads & low flatwoods | NE, NW, 7, Hufty | |
| Lyonia ferruginea (Walter) Nutt. (Xolisma ferruginea (Walter) A. Heller) | Rusty Lyonia | Perennial, evergreen shrub or tree | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to s c peninsular FL, FL panhandle, West Indies, Mexico | Abundant, turkey oak sandhills, palmetto scrub & scrubby flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| Lyonia fruticosa (Michx.) Torr. (Xolisma fruticosa (Michx.) Nash) | Staggerbush | Perennial, evergreen, shrub | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, GA to s peninsular FL, FL panhandle, West Indies | Ubiquitous, palmetto & scrubby flatwoods | All Tracts except Harris & Watters |
| Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC. var. foliosiflora (Michx.) Fem. (Arsenococcos frondosus (Pursh) Small) (Arsenococcos ligustrinus (L.) Small, misapplied) | Maleberry | March-April | Co Pl, s VA to c pen. FL & e TX, OK, AR | |||
| Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch | Fetterbush | Perennial, evergreen, shrub | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, se VA to c peninsular FL & LA; w Cuba | Common in scrubby flatwoods, flatwoods, palmetto scrub & wet ponds | All Tracts |
| Monotropa uniflora L. | Indian Pipe | Perennial, root parasite | Nov.-Jan. | Newfoundland to FL, CA to WA | Very rare, scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | NE,SW, 7,18, 31 |
| Vaccinium corymbosum L. | Highbush Blueberry | Perennial, shrub | Feb.-Mar. | NJ to MI, AK & FL | Occasional & local in bayheads & wet ponds | NE,NW,SW, 7,18,19 Price |
| Vaccinium darrowii Camp | Darrow's Blueberry | Perennial, clonal, low shrub | Mar. | s GA to s c peninsular FL, w to s c TX | Common in seasonal ponds, flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | All Tracts except Harris & Watters |
| Vaccinium myrsinites Lam. (Cyanococcus myrsinites (Lam.) Small) | Shiny Blueberry | Perennial, clonal, low shrub | Mar. | Coastal Plain, se SC, s GA to s peninsular, FL panhandle & s AL | Common in seasonal ponds, scrubby flatwoods, flatwoods & rosemary scrub | All Tracts except Harris & Watters |
| ESCALLONIACEAE | ||||||
| Itea virginica L. | Virginia Willow | Perennial, shrub | Mar.-Apr. | s NJ & PA, s to peninsular FL & e TX, n to OK, AK, TN, KY, IL, & MO | Occasional in bayheads, along lakeshores, margins of seasonal ponds, Price Tr. | SW,NE, Hufty, Price |
| EUPHORBIACEAE | ||||||
| Acalypha gracilens Gray | Three-seeded Mercury | Annual | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, MA to FL, w to TX | Rare, margin of undisturbed trail | NW |
| Chamaesyce blodgettii (Engelm. ex Hitchc.) Small (Euphorbia blodgettii Engelm x Hitchc.) (Chamaesyce nashii Small) (Chamaesyce chiogenes Small) | Spurge | Mar.-Oct. | s peninsular FL FL Keys, West Indies | Occasional along firelanes | SW | |
| Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. (Euphorbia hirta L.) | Hairy Spurge | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL, Mex, to TX, West Indies | Common ruderal & garden weed | SE,SW,Hufty,Main-grounds | |
| Chamaesyce hyssopifolia (L.) Small (Euphorbia maculata L., misapplied) (Euphorbia hyssopifolia L.) | Eye-bane | Annual | All year | US & s Canada, West Indies & Mexico, tropical & subtropical America | Common ruderal, garden & roadside weed | NE,SE,NW,SW,7, Maingrounds |
| Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small (Euphorbia supina Raf.) (Euphorbia maculata L.) (Chamaesyce tracyi Small) (Chamaesyce mathewsii Small) | Spotted Spurge, Milk Purslane | Annual | Feb.-Sep. | US & s Canada | Common ruderal & garden weed | SE,SW,Hicoria |
| Cnidosculus stimulosus (Michx.) Engelm. & Gray (Bivonea stimulosa (Michx) Raf.) | Stinging nettle | Perennial, moneocious | Mar.-Nov. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, FL to LA, VA | Occasional in sandhills, rosemary scrub, scrubby flatwoods & sandy roads | All except Watters & Harris |
| Croton glandulosus (A.M. Ferguson) R.W. Long var. glandulosus L. (Croton glandulosus var. angustifolius Mull.Arg.) (Croton glandulosus var. septentrionalis Mull. Arg.) (Croton glandulosus var. simpsonii A.M. Ferguson) (Croton arenicola Small) | Simpson's Croton | Perennial, dioecious | May-Jul. | FL & FL Keys se US, Mexico West Indies, tropical | Common, margins of scrubby flatwoods & roadsides | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Croton michauxii G.L. Webster | Rushfoil | Annual | Aug.-Oct. | Coastal Plain SC to FL & TX | Occasional along firelanes, sandy roads & trails | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19, Hicoria |
| Euphorbia floridana Chapm. (Galarhoeus floridanus (Chapm.) Small) | Florida Spurge | Perennial | May | ENDEMIC to c peninsular FL s to LWR | Rare, along firelanes | 30 |
| Euphorbia polyphylla Engelm. ex Chapm. (Tithymalopsis polyphylla (Engelm. ex Chapm.) Small) | White-flowered Spurge | Mar.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to s FL | Locally common in low pine flatwoods | SW | |
| Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb. | Leaf-flower | Annual | Mar.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa & Mascarene Islands) | Very local weed in plaza area | SW |
| Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) (Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke ex Klotzsch) | Painted Leaf, Fiddler's Spurge | Perennial, moneocious | Dec.-Apr. | FL to AK, WI, SD, tropical America | Rare, hedges & edges around plaza & cage area | SW, Hufty |
| Ricinus communis L. | Castorbean | Perennial, herb or subshrub | Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa) | Local ruderal | SW,30 |
| Stillingia sylvatica L. (Stillingia sylvatica subsp. tenuis (Small) D.J.Rodgers) (Stillingia angustifolia (Mull. Arg.) Engelm. ex S. Watson) (Stillingia spathulata (Mull. Arg.) Small) (Stillingia tenuis Small) | Queen's Delight | Mar. | Coastal Plain FL to TX, MO & VA | Occasional in pine flatwoods | SW | |
| Tragia urens L. (Tragia linearifolia Elliott) | Noseburn | Feb.-Oct. | Coastal Plain FL to TX, s VA | Common in disturbed sand in oak scrub | SE | |
| FABACEAE | ||||||
| Abrus precatorius L. (Abrus abrus (L.) W. Wight) | Rosary pea, Crab's-eye | Perennial, partly woody vine, twining | Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World) | Common in main grounds & on Red Hill, rare in citrus groves, occasional in scrub | SE,SW, MacArthur |
| Amorpha fruticosa L. | Bastard Indigo | Perennial, shrub | Sep.-Oct. | ME to s Quebec to WY, s to s peninsular FL | Occasional, firelanes | 31 |
| Apios americana Medic. (Glycine apios L.) | Groundnut | Perennial, vine | Summer-Fall | FL to TX, MN | Watters | |
| Centrosema arenicola (Small) F.J. Herm. (Centrosema floridanum (Britton) Lakela) (Bradburya floridana Britton) (Bradburya arenicola Small) | Butterfly-pea | Perennial, twining vine | Aug.-Sep. | ENDEMIC to FL; Status: SE | Occasional, along sandy roads, twining on scrub | SE,SW |
| Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene (Cassia fasciculata subsp. brachiata (Pollard) Pullen ex Isely) (Cassia fasciculata subsp. puberula (Green) J.F. Macbr.) (Cassia fasciculata subsp. robusta (Pollard) J.F. Macbr.) (Chamaecrista robusta (Pollard) A. Heller) (Chamaecrista littoralis Pollard) (Chamaecrista depressa (Pollard) Greene) (Chamaecrista deeringiana Small & Pennell) (Chamaecrista brachiata Pollard) (Cassia fasciculata Michx.) (Cassia deeringiana (Small & Pennell) J.F. Macbr.) (Cassia chamaecrista L.) (Cassia brachiata (Pollard) J.F. Macbr.) | Partridge-pea | Annual, herb (in Maryland) | Jun.-Sep. | FL to TX, MN to MA | Common along sandy roadways, abandoned pastures, oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| Chamaecrista nictitans (Muhl. ex Elliott) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Cassia nictitans L.) | Wild Sensitive Plant | Perennial herb | May-Sep. | Coastal Plain FL, GA, SC | Occasional along primitive roads & firelanes | SW, SE, 7, Hufty |
| Chapmannia floridana Torr. & Gray | Alicia | Perennial, herb, colonizes open areas | May-Sep. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common along sandy firelanes & roadsides, occasional in scrubby flatwoods | All Tracts |
| Clitoria fragrans Small (Martiusia fragrans (Small) Small) | Blue Peas, Pigeon-wings | Perennial herb, fire-stimulated growth & flowering | May-Jun. | ENDEMIC to c Ridge in Highlands, Orange, & Polk cos., FL; Status: SE, FE | Rare in oak scrub & sandhills on yellow sand | SE,18E,19E, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Crotalaria lanceolata E. Mey. | Rattle-box | Sep.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa) | Rare, disturbed scrub | Hicoria | |
| Crotalaria pallida (G.Don) Polhill var. obovata (G. Don) Polhill (Crotalaria mucronata Desv., misapplied) (Crotalaria striata D.C., misapplied) | Rattle-box | Jan.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to Africa) | Common in citrus grove & disturbed sandy soils | SE | |
| Crotalaria rotundifolia J.F.Gmel. (Crotalaria maritima subsp. linaria (Small) H. Senn) (Crotalaria rotundifolia subsp. vulgaris Windler) (Crotalaria maritima Chapm.) (Crotalaria linaria Small) (Crotalaria angulata Mill., misapplied) | Rattle-box, Rabbit Bells | Jan.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, FL to LA & VA | Common in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | NW,SW,NE,SE, 7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty | |
| Crotalaria spectabilis Roth (Crotalaria retzii Hitchc.) | Rattle-box | Annual, taproot | All year | EXOTIC (Native to Old World tropics) | Locally common, roadsides & disturbed sandy soil | SE, 7,31 |
| Dalea feayi (Chapm) Barneby (Petalostemon feayi Chapm) | Prairie Clover | Jul.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, c peninsular FL & s GA | Common in scrubby flatwoods, sandhills & turkey oak sandhills | SE,SW, 6,7,18, 19,30,31, Hufty, MacArthur | |
| Desmodium floridanum Chapm. (Meibomia rhombifolia (Elliot.) Vail, misapplied) | Tickclover, Beggarweed | Mar.-Sep. | Coastal Plain & adjacent provinces & FL & GA | Rare, low flatwoods & sandhills | 7, Hicoria | |
| Desmodium incanum DC | Common Tick-trefoil | Mar.-May | s FL, weed throughout warm regions | Occasional disturbed sandy areas | SW, Hufty | |
| Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) DC (Meibomia purpurea (Mill.) Vail) | Florida Beggarweed | Annual, ruderal | Mar.-Aug. | Coastal Plain, FL & GA | Common, roadside & waste places | SE,SW |
| Desmodium triflorum (L.) DC | Tickclover | Sep.-Oct. | EXOTIC (Native to Old World) | Occasional in low flatwoods | SW | |
| Desmodium viridiflorum (L.) DC (Meibomia viridiflora (L.) Kuntze.) | Velvet-leaved tick treoil | Summer-fall | Coastal Plain, FL w to TX & n to NY | |||
| Erythrina herbacea L. (Erythrina arborea (Chapm.) Small) | Cherokee Bean, Coralbean | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain NC to FL & TX | Planted along drive & in main grounds, sparingly escaping | SE,SW | |
| Galactia elliottii Nutt. | Elliott's Milk Pea | Perennial, vine, fire-stimulated growth & flowering | Jun.-Jul. | Coastal Plain & provinces NC to TN, FL | Common along sandy trails & in scrub, scrubby flatwoods & turkey oak sandhills | SE,SW,7,18,30, 31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur, Pohlman |
| Galactia regularis (L.) Britton et al. | Milk Pea | Perennial, prostrate or climbing, fire-stimulated growth & flowering | Aug.-Sep. | Coastal Plain NY to FL, LA & TN, West Indies | Common climber in oak scrub & turkey oak sandhills | SE,SW, Hufty, 7,18,19,30,31, MacArthur |
| Indigofera caroliniana Mill. | Shrubby Indigo | Perennial, shrubby, branches from base | Jun. | Coastal Plain FL, LA, NC | Occasional, roadsides & ditch banks | SW, 19 |
| Lupinus diffusus Nuttall (Lupinus cumulicola Small) | Sky-blue Lupine | Perennial | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain NC to FL & MS | Common in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub & sandhills | SE, 19,30 |
| Macroptilium atropurpureum (Mocino & Sesse ex DC.) Urb. | Aug.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America) | Rare in disturbed areas | SE | ||
| Mimosa quadrivalvis (Torr. & A. Gray) Barneby var. angustata (Torr. & A. Gray) Barneby (Leptoglottis angustisiliqua Britton & Rose) (Leptoglottis chapmanii Small ex Britton & Rose) (Leptoglottis microphylla (Dryand. ex Sm.) Britton & Rose) (Schrankia uncinata Willd.) (Schrankia microphylla (Dryand. ex Sm.) J.F. Macbr.) | Sensitive Briar | Perennial, subwoody vine | Feb.-Jun. | Coastal Plain VA to FL & TX | Occasional, climbing on Quercus myrtifolia in scrubby flatwoods | 31,7, Watters |
| Mimosa quadrivalvis (Torr. & A. Gray) Barneby var. floridana (Chapm.) Barneby (Schrankia microphylla subsp. floridana (Chapm.) Isley) (Leptoglottis floridana (Chapm.) Small ex Britton & Rose) (Schrankia uncinata Willd., misapplied) | Sensitive Briar | Perennial, subwoody vine | Feb.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to FL | Occasional to abundant in oak scrub, scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | All upland Tracts |
| Rhynchosia cinerea Nash | Brown-haired Snout Bean | Perennial, herbaceous vine | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL & Keys | Occasional in oak scrub | SE,SW,18E, 19E, Hufty, MacArthur |
| Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. (Dolicholus minimus (L.) Medik) | Dollar Leaf | Perennial, herbaceous vine | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain SC to FL & TX | Occasional along fence line, twining on palmetto | 18E |
| Tephrosia chrysophylla Pursh | Hoary Peas | Perennial, herb woody root | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain GA to FL & MS | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & low flatwoods | SE,SW, 7,18 |
| Vicia acutifolia Ell. | Sand Vetch | Perennial, trailing or climbing herb | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain GA to AL & FL | Common, margins of drains | SW |
| Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth. (Vigna marina (Burm. f.) Merr., misapplied) (Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze) | Cowpea | Perennial, herbaceous vine | Jan.-Apr. | Coastal Plain NC to FL & TX, West Indies, pantropical | Occasional, margins of drains | SW,6, Hufty |
| FAGACEAE | ||||||
| Quercus chapmanii Sarg. | Chapman's Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious, clonal | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Common in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19, 19E,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Quercus geminata Small (Quercus virginiana subsp. geminata (Small) Sarg.) | Sand Live Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious, clonal | Apr. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & MS | Abundant in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub, common in turkey oak sandhills | All except Harris |
| Quercus incana Bartr. (Quercus cinerea Michx.) | Bluejack Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious | Spring | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & TX, c TX | Rare in turkey oak sandhills | SE |
| Quercus inopina Ashe | Scrub Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious, clonal | Apr. | peninsular FL, mainly Lake Wales Ridge | Dominant in scrubby flatwoods, locally abundant in open oak scrub | All except Price, Harris, Watters |
| Quercus laevis Walter | Turkey Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious | Jan.-Mar. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, VA to FL & LA | Common in turkey oak sandhills, occasionally in flatwoods & oak scrub | SE,SW,6,7,18, 18E,19,19E,30, MacArthur |
| Quercus laurifolia Michx. (Quercus hemisphaerica W. Bartr. ex Willd.) (Quercus obtusa (Willd.) Pursh) | Laurel Oak, Diamond-leaf Oak | Perennial, tree, monoecious | Jan.-Mar. | s NJ to s peninsular FL, w to se TX | Rare in low flatwoods | NE,NW,SW, Watters |
| Quercus minima (Sarg.) Small | Dwarf Live Oak | Perennial, shrub, monoecious, clonal | Apr. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL & MS | Common in scrubby flatwoods & flatwoods, particularly after burn | SE,NW,SW, 7,18, 19,30,31, MacArthur |
| Quercus myrtifolia Willd. | Myrtle Oak | Perennial, shrub or tree, monoecious, clonal | Spring | SC to FL & MS | Common in sandhills & oak scrub, frequent in scrubby flatwoods & sandhill | All except Watters & Harris |
| Quercus virginiana Mill. | Live Oak, Virginia Live Oak | Perennial, tree, monoecious | Mar.-Apr. | Outer Coastal Plain, se VA to GA & FL, w to e & s | Rare in bayheads, planted in main grounds area | NW,SW,Hufty, Price, Watters |
| GENTIANACEAE | ||||||
| Bartonia verna (Michx) Raf. ex Barton | Bartonia | Annual or biennial | Nov.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, w to se TX | Rare, margin of wet prairies & seasonal ponds | 7,31 |
| Sabatia brevifolia Raf. (Sabatia elliottii Steud.) | Marsh-pinks | Annual | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, SC, s to FL, s AL | Occasional, prairies, low pine flatwoods & oak scrub | 7,18,31 |
| Sabatia difformis (L.) Druce (Sabatia paniculata (Michx.) Pursh) | White Sabatia | Perennial, rhizomatous | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, s NJ to peninsular FL & panhandle, | Occasional in swales | 18 |
| Sabatia grandiflora (Gray) Small | Large-flowered Marsh-pink | Annual | Mar.-Nov. | peninsular FL, FL panhandle, se AL, Cuba | Occasional, margins of seasonal ponds & low pine flatwoods | SW, 7,31 |
| Sabatia stellaris Pursh | Annual | Oct.-Nov. | s MA, on coast to most of coastal FL, w to LA; Bahamas, w Cuba, c Mexico | Locally common in seasonal ponds | 31 | |
| HAEMODORACEAE | ||||||
| Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy (Gyrotheca tinctoria (Walter) Salisb.) | Red Root, Blood Root | Perennial rhizomatous herb | May-Aug. | MA, NJ, NC to FL & MS | Common, seasonal ponds & other low muck situations | NW,SW,7,18,30, 31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| HALORAGACEAE | ||||||
| Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlw. ex Chapm. | Green Parrot's-feather | FL, s GA, s AL | Abundant in Lake Annie | Hufty | ||
| Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walter) Britton et al. | Green Parrot's-feather | Perennial polygamo-monoecious submersed aquatic | Jun.-Oct. | MA to KS, FL & TX, West Indies | Abundant in Lake Annie | Hufty |
| JUGLANDACEAE | ||||||
| Carya floridana Sarg. (Hicoria floridana (Sarg.) Small) | Scrub Hickory | Perennial, tree, monoecious | Mar.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub & on yellow sand ridges | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19, 19E,30,Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| LAMIACEAE | ||||||
| Calamintha ashei (Weatherby) Shinners (Clinopodium ashei (Weath.) Small) | Ashe's Savory | Perennial, shrub, stoloniferous | Jan.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to Lake Wales Ridge, Marion Co. to Highlands Co. FL; Status: ST, C | Locally common in hickory & oak scrub | SE, 7, 30, 31, MacArthur |
| Dicerandra frutescens Shinners | Scrub Balm, Lake Placid Scrub Mint | Perennial, subshrub | Aug.-Sep. | ENDEMIC to s LWR, Lake Placid, Highlands Co., FL; | Occasional in scrub & sandhills, locally abundant in some abandoned firelanes | NE, SE, 18, 18E, 19, 19E, MacArthur |
| Hyptis alata (Raf.) Shinners (Hyptis alata subsp. stenophylla Shinners) (Hyptis radiata Willd.) | Musky Mint, Bitter Mint | Perennial herb | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, NC to s peninsular FL & se TX, West Indies | Occasional in seasonal ponds & swales | Hicoria, 31 |
| Hyptis mutabilis (A. Richard) Briquet | Bitter Mint | Perennial herb | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): FL, sw GA, s | Locally common along fence rows | SW, NW | |
| Piloblephis rigida (Bartr. ex Benth.) Raf. (Pycnothymus rigidus (W. Bartram ex Benth.) Small) (Satureja rigida Bartr. ex Benth.) | Pennyroyal | All Year | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Common but local in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SW, 18, 19, 30, 31 | |
| Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. | Sage | Annual | FL to TX, MO, Mexico, West Indies, tropical America | Common in old garden area, near cottages | SW | |
| Salvia lyrata L. | Lyre leaf Sage | Annual or perennial | Spring/Fall | SC, GA, FL, AL, MI | Lake Annie, Main Drive | |
| Salvia occidentalis Sw. | West Indian Sage | Spring/Fall | ||||
| Stachys floridana Shuttle. W. ex Benth. | Hedge-nettle | Perennial, rhizomatous | Mar.-Apr. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL, e TX | Scrubby borders & thickets, often ruderal | SW, Harris |
| Trichostema dichotomum L. (Trichostema suffrutescens Kearney) | Blue Curls | Annual or weak perennial | Apr.-Oct. | VA & MO, FL & TX | Common in scrubby flatwoods & rosemary scrub | NE,SE, NW,SW,6,7, 18, 18E, 19, 30,31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| LAURACEAE | ||||||
| Cassytha filiformis L. | Love Vine | Perennial, parasitic vine | Nov. | ENDEMIC to s FL | Rare on Quercus myrtifolia | SE,18, Price |
| Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl. (Camphora camphora (L.) Karst.) | Camphor Tree | Spring | EXOTIC (Native to Asia): FL | Introduced & sparingly escaping into bayheads | NW,SW, 18 | |
| Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. var. borbonia (L.) Spreng. (Tamala borbonia (L.) Raf.) (Tamala littoralis (Small) Small) | Redbay | Perennial, evergreen, tree or shrub | Feb.-Mar. | VA to FL & TX | Common in bayheads, occasional along margins of seasonal ponds | NE,NW,SW, 7, 18,19, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. var. humilis (Nash) L.E. Kopp (Persea humilis Nash) (Tamala humilis (Nash) Small) | Silkbay | Perennial, evergreen, small tree or shrub | Apr.-May | ENDEMIC to FL | Common in turkey oak sandhills, oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | All Tracts except Harris, Watters |
| Persea palustris (Raf.) Sarg. (Persea borbonia subsp. pubescens (Pursh) Little) (Tamala pubescens (Pursh) Small) | Swamp bay | Perennial, evergreen, tree or shrub | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL to se TX | Common in bayheads | NW,NE,SW, 7, Hufty, Watters |
| LEMNACEAE | ||||||
| Lemna valdiviana Phil. | Duckweed | Perennial, free-floating aquatic | All year | Widespread in western hemisphere | Common in slow moving water | Hufty, Price |
| LENTIBULARIACEAE | ||||||
| Pinguicula caerulea Walter | Blue Butterwort | Perennial, hydrophyte | Mar. | Coastal Plain, se NC to Lake Okeechobee, FL panhandle; Status: ST | Rare, swales | 18, Hicoria |
| Pinguicula lutea Walter | Golden Butterwort | Perennial, hydrophyte | Jan.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se NC to Lake Okeechobee, w to LA; | Rare, mucky border of trails, in low pine flatwoods & swales | 7,18,19,Lake Annie |
| Pinguicula pumila Michx. | Pink Butterwort | Annual or perennial, hygrophyte | Oct.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL to se TX, Bahamas | Locally common, low borders of palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | 7,18,19 |
| Utricularia cornuta Michx. | Horned Bladderwort | Annual or perennial, hydrophyte | Nov.-Mar. | Newfoundland to Quebec, Ontario to Manitoba, s to | Occasional, margins of seasonal ponds | 31, Price |
| Utricularia floridana Nash | Bladderwort | Perennial, hydrophyte | Coastal Plain, SC to c FL, FL panhandle & sw GA | Abundant submergent, found throughout Lake Annie | Hufty,Lake Annie | |
| Utricularia gibba L. (Utricularia biflora Lam.) (Utricularia pumila Walter) | Two-flowered Bladderwort | Annual or perennial, free-floating aquatic | Feb.-Mar. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, s N. England to s FL, se TX & e OK | Locally abundant in drainage ditches | SW, Harris |
| Utricularia olivacea Wright ex Griseb. | Bladderwort | Annual or perennial hydrophyte | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL, West Indies, S. America | Occasional but rarely observed in seasonal ponds | 7 | |
| Utricularia purpurea Walter (Vesiculina purpurea (Walter) Raf.) | Purple Bladderwort | Annual or perennial free aquatic | Nov.-Apr. | ne N. America, s on Coastal Plain to s FL, se TX, | Occasional in shallow water of seasonal ponds | 7, Hufty, Lake Annie |
| Utricularia subulata L. (Setiscapella cleistogama (A. Gray) Barnhart) (Setiscapella subulata (L.) Barnhart) | Tiny Bladderwort | Annual or perennial, hydrophyte, cleistogamous | All year | Nova Scotia, se MA to s FL, TX & AK, TN, West Indies, tropical America & Asia | Locally abundant, low wet ground, especially low firelanes | NE,NW,SW, 6,7,18, 19, 30, 31, Hufty, Price |
| LOGANIACEAE | ||||||
| Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) W.T.Aiton | Woody Jessamine, Yellow Jessamine | Perennial, woody evergreen vine | Jan.-Mar. | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, VA & FL, w to e TX & AK | Common climber in flatwoods, bayheads, edges of oak scrub, main grounds & fences | NE,SE,NW,SW, Price |
| LYTHRACEAE | ||||||
| Ammannia latifolia L. (Ammannia teres Raf.) (Ammannia koehnei Britt.) | Toothcups | Annual | Dec.-Jan. | Coastal Plain NJ to s FL, w to se TX, tropical America, West Indies | Rare, drainage ditch | SW |
| Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. (Parsonsia balsamona (Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl.) | Columbian waxweed | Summer-Fall | EXOTIC (Native to S. America) | |||
| MAGNOLIACEAE | ||||||
| Magnolia virginiana L. | Sweet Bay | Perennial, shrub or tree | Apr. | Coastal Plain, MA to TN, FL & e TX | Occasional in bayheads & low flatwoods | SW,NE,7,18,30, Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters |
| MALVACEAE | ||||||
| Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke | False Mallow | Perennial, weedy | Mar.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Pantropical) | Rare on berm | Price |
| Sida acuta Burm. f. (Sida carpinifolia L. f.) | Broomweed | Annual or short-lived perennial, herbaceous or suffrutescent | All year | se US to Mexico, CA, West Indies, S. America, Old | Common, main grounds & roadsides | NE,SE,NW,SW, Hufty |
| Sida cordifolia L. | Sida | All year | EXOTIC (native to East Indies) | Common weed of disturbed areas & lakeshores | SW, Hufty, Price | |
| Urena lobata L. | Caesar-weed | Perennial, sub-woody herb | All year | ne to s FL, & throughout tropical & subtropical areas | Rare, edge of dredge cut, common, shady areas under trees of main grounds | NE,NW,SW, 18, Hufty |
| MELASTOMATACEAE | ||||||
| Rhexia cubensis Griseb. | Meadow Beauty | Perennial, rhizomatous | Apr.-Nov. | Coastal Plain NC to s FL, w to MS, West Indies | Occasional, low mucky areas | 7,18,19,30,31 |
| Rhexia mariana L. | Pale Meadow Beauty | Perennial, rhizomatous | Apr.-Nov. | MA to VA, KY, IL, s to s FL & se OK, & e TX | Common, margins of seasonal ponds, wet prairies & low mucky areas | NE,NW,SW,7,18,19, 31, Hufty, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Rhexia nuttallii James | Meadow Beauty | Perennial | Mar.-Nov. | Coastal Plain, se GA & FL | Common in low pinelands & swales | 7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria |
| MELIACEAE | ||||||
| Melia azedarach L. | Chinaberry, Umbrella Tree | Perennial, tree | Apr. | EXOTIC (Native to Asia): commonly cultivated | Rare, fence rows | Price |
| MENYANTHACEAE | ||||||
| Nymphoides aquatica (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze | Floating Hearts | Perennial, helophyte | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, s NJ to FL & e TX | Abundant in shallow water near lakeshores | Hufty, Price |
| MOLLUGINACEAE | ||||||
| Mollugo verticillata L. | Indian Chickweed | Annual | Feb.-Mar. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America) | Common garden weed | SE, SW |
| MORACEAE | ||||||
| Ficus aurea Nutt. | Strangler Fig | Perennial, germinates on host, grows as epiphyte or strangler | Spring-Summer | s c peninsular FL, FL Keys, Bahamas, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Cayman Islands | Occasional epiphyte on oak & gum | Price |
| MYRICACEAE | ||||||
| Myrica cerifera L. (Myrica cerifera subsp. pumila Michx.) (Cerothamnus caroliniensis (Mill). Tidestr.) (Cerothamnus ceriferus (L.) Small) (Cerothamnus pumilus (Michx.) Small) (Morella cerifera (L) Small) (Myrica pusila Raf.) | Wax Myrtle, Dwarf Wax Myrtle | Perennial, evergreen shrub or small tree, monoecious or dioecious | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, s NJ to s FL, w to e TX, se OK, AR, West Indies | Common in bayheads, flatwoods, moist ditch borders | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E,19, 19E,30,31, Hicoria, Price, MacArthur, Hufty |
| MYRSINACEAE | ||||||
| Rapanea punctata (Lam.) Lundell | Perennial, evergreen shrub or tree | Aug.-Dec. | c peninsular to s FL & FL Keys, tropical America | Common around dug pond, behind berm | Price | |
| MYRTACEAE | ||||||
| Eugenia uniflora L. | Surinam cherry | All year | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): s & s-c FL | Disturbed hammocks | Wash house-MG | |
| Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) Blake | Punk Tree | Perennial, tree | EXOTIC (Native to Australia): s FL & warm regions, New Guinea & New Caledonia | Price, Harris | ||
| Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. | Downy-myrtle | Perennial, shrub | EXOTIC (Native to East Asia & Australia) | EXOTIC, formerly common on berm, ditch bank, edge of borrow pit | Price | |
| NYCTAGINACEAE | ||||||
| Boerhavia diffusa L. (Boerhavia coccinea Mill.) | Red Spiderling, Hog-weed | Perennial | All year | Warm temperate & pantropical | Abundant garden weed | SW |
| Boerhavia erecta L. | Spiderling | Annual | All year | s US, West Indies, C. & S. America | Occasional weed along plaza margins | SW |
| Mirabilis jalapa L. | Four-O'Clock | Jul.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): Warm temperate & tropical regions | Rare & local weed around buildings | SE,SW | |
| NYSSACEAE | ||||||
| Nyssa sylvatica (Walter) Sarg. var. biflora (Walter) Sarg. (Nyssa biflora Walter) (Nyssa ursina Small) | Black Gum, Swamp Tupelo | Perennial, tree, dioecious polygamo-dioecious | Chiefly Coastal Plain NJ to c FL, w to e TX | Rare, understory tree in slash pine swales, common in swamps | 18,NW, Price | |
| OLACACEAE | ||||||
| Ximenia americana L. | Tallowood, Hog Plum | Perennial, shrub or small tree, frost-sensitive, root parasite | All year | Widespread in tropics & subtropics | Occasional in all but wet habitats | All except Harris, Watters |
| OLEACEAE | ||||||
| Jasminum dichotomum Vahl | Gold Coast Jasmine | Perennial, sprawling vine | All Year | EXOTIC (Native w Africa): s FL | Cottage 4 MG | |
| Jasminum fluminense Vellozo | Perennial, sprawling vine | All Year | EXOTIC (Native to Brazil) | Roadside, top of Red Hill | ||
| Osmanthus americanus Benth. & Hook. f. ex A. Gray (Amarolea americana (L.) Small) | Wild Olive | Perennial, polygamous tree | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, se VA to FL, w to LA | Occasional in oak scrub | Price |
| Osmanthus megacarpus (Small) Small ex Little (Amarolea megacarpa (Small) Small) | Scrub Olive | Perennial, polygamous shrub or tree | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to c peninsular FL | Rare in oak scrub, rosemary scrub | NE, SE, 30, 31, Hufty, Hicoria. Type Locality is near Lake Annie |
| ONAGRACEAE | ||||||
| Gaura angustifolia Michx. (Gaura eatonii Small) (Gaura simulans Small) | Southern Gaura | May-Aug. | Coastal Plain NC to FL | Common along firelanes & sandy trails | SW, Hufty | |
| Ludwigia erecta (L.) Hara (Jussiaea erecta L.) | Annual, hygrophyte | peninsular & ne FL, tropical America, Old World tropics | Growing along lakeshore | Price | ||
| Ludwigia lanceolata Ell. | Lance-leaf Seedbox | Perennial, helophyte | Oct.-Dec. | Coastal Plain, FL to NC | Occasional in dredge cut | 18 |
| Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara (Jussiaea leptocarpa Nutt.) | River Seedbox | Annual | Coastal Plain, NC to c peninsular FL, w TX, se MO | Occasional in shallow water at pond's edge | Price | |
| Ludwigia linearis Walter | Narrow-leaf Seedbox | Perennial, hydrophyte | Aug.-Sep. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, s NJ to n FL, w to se TX, AK, TN, c FL | Rare in swales | 31 |
| Ludwigia maritima R.M.Harper | Seaside Seedbox | Perennial, hydrophyte | Nov.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, NC to s peninsular FL, n to e LA | Locally common along margins of palmetto scrub | 7,30, 18-rare |
| Ludwigia microcarpa Michx. | Small-fruit Seedbox | Perennial | Chiefly Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, w to LA, c TN, | Abundant, sides of firelanes in wet sand | 7 | |
| Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven (Jussiaea angustifolia Lam.) (Jussiaea scabra Willd.) | Shrubby Water-primrose | Annual or perennial subshrub | Nov.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, se NC to s FL, w to e TX, pantropical | Rare along wet, mucky roads | 7,18,19 Price |
| Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. (Isnardia palustris L.) (Isnardia intermedia Small & Alex.) | Marsh Seedbox | Perennial, hydrophyte | c peninsular FL & throughout temperate N. America, Eurasia, Africa | Drainage ditch near plaza | SW | |
| Ludwigia peruviana (L.) Hara (Jussiaea peruviana L.) | Primrose-willow | Perennial, hygrophyte, woody base, subshrub | Mar.-Nov. | c peninsular & s FL, FL & s GA, tropical America | Common along few drainage ditches & in Lake Annie | SW, Hufty, Price, Watters, Harris |
| Ludwigia repens Forst. (Isnardia intermedia Small & Alex.) (Isnardia repens (Sw.) DC.) | Water Primrose, Water Purselane, Creeping Seedbox | Perennial, free-floating or submerged aquatic herb to subshrub | Sep. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, w to NM, n to OK, MO, TN, CA, s to Mexico, West Indies | Occasional in drainage ditches | NW,SW |
| Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. | Globe-fruit Seedbox | Perennial, hydrophyte | May-Sep. | Coastal Plain, MA to s c peninsular FL, to e TX, IN & s MI | Occasional in swamps, low flatwoods, & lower end of swamps | SW, Price |
| Ludwigia suffruticosa Walter | Shrubby Seedbox, False Loosestrife | Perennial, rhizomatous, clonal | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, & s MS | Occasional in low scrubby flatwoods & along lakeshore | SW, Price |
| Oenothera laciniata Hill (Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose ex ex Britton & A. Br.) | Evening Primrose | Bienniel, cut-leaved | May | VT to SD, s to FL & TX, West Indies, Mexico | Very rare, along undisturbed lane | NW |
| OXALIDACEAE | ||||||
| Oxalis corniculata L. (Oxalis florida Salisb. subsp. prostrata (Haw.) Lourteig) (Oxalis dillenii Jacq.) (Oxalis stricta L.) (Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small) (Xanthoxalis cymosa (Small) Small) (Xanthoxalis langloisii Small) (Xanthoxalis stricta (L.) Small) | Yellow Wood Sorrel | Perennial, caulescent, stoliniferous, herb | Dec.-Apr. | Coastal Plain & adjacent province, NY to FL, MO & | Occasional in lawns & disturbed areas | SE,SW,7 |
| PASSIFLORACEAE | ||||||
| Passiflora suberosa L. (Passiflora pallida L.) | Passionflower | May | Pantropical, TX, Mexico, West Indies, s FL | |||
| PHYTOLACCACEAE | ||||||
| Phytolacca americana L. (Phytolacca americana subsp. rigida (Small) Caulkins & Wyatt) (Phytolacca rigida Small) | Pokeweed | Perennial, colonizer of disturbed ground | Mar.-Sep. | ME to MN, s to FL & TX & AK, Mexico | Common along hedges, edges & lakeshores | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7, 31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| Rivina humilis L. | Rouge Plant | All year | Coastal Plain, FL to TX, AK | Main grounds | SW | |
| POLYGALACEAE | ||||||
| Polygala cruciata L. (Polygala ramosior (Nash ex B.L. Rob.) Small) | Cross-leaved Milkwort | Annual | Jul.-Sep. | s ME to MN, s to c peninsular FL & e TX | Occasional in grassy swales of low flatwoods | NW,7, Hufty |
| Polygala cymosa Walter (Pilostaxis cymosa (Walter) Small) | Milkwort | Biennial | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain, DE s to s c FL, w to LA | Margins of seasonal ponds & swales | NW,7,18,31 |
| Polygala grandiflora Walter (Polygala grandiflora subsp. angustifolia Torr. & A. Gray) (Polygala grandiflora subsp. leiodes S.F. Blake) (Asemeia grandiflora var. angustifolia Small) (Asemeia cumulicola Small) (Asemeia grandiflora (Walter) Small) (Asemeia leiodes (S.F. Blake) Small) (Asemeia miamiensis (Small ex S.F. Blake) Small) (Polygala krugii Chodat) | Large-flowered Milkwort | Jan.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to lower east coast of peninsular FL | Occasional in low flatwoods | NW,SW,Hufty | |
| Polygala incarnata L. (Galypoda incarnata (L.) Nieuwl.) | Procession Flower | Annual | Nov.-Apr. | Long Island to MI, WI, IO, NB s to s FL & e TX, Mexico | Occasional in oak scrub & sandhills | SE,6,18,18E, 19, Hufty |
| Polygala nana (Michx.) DC. (Pilostaxis nana (Michx.) Raf. ex Small) | Wild Bachelor's Button | Annual or biennial | Dec.-Mar. | Coastal Plain GA to s peninsular FL, w to se TX | Common in low flatwoods, swales & seasonal or dry ponds | 7,18,19,30,31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| Polygala polygama Walter | Milkwort | Biennial or short-lived perennial herb, taproot, cleistogamous | Jan.-May | FL to TX, Nova Scotia & Manitoba | Occasional in oak scrub & scrubby flatwoods | SE,SW, 18,30,31 |
| Polygala rugelii Shuttlew. ex Chapm. (Pilostaxis rugelii (Shuttlew. ex Chapm.) Small) | Yellow Bachelor's Button | Annual, biennial or Occasional perennial | Sep.-Apr. | ENDEMIC to ne & peninsular FL | Common in swales, palmetto-wire grass flatwoods & margins of wet prairies | NW,6,7,18,19,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Watters, MacArthur |
| Polygala setacea Michx. | Milkwort | Perennial | Nov.-May | Coastal Plain GA to s peninsular FL, w to MS | Common in palmetto-wire grass flatwoods | SW,7,18,19,30,31 MacArthur |
| POLYGONACEAE | ||||||
| Eriogonum longifolium Gand. var. gnaphalifolium Gand. (Eriogonum floridanum Small) | Scrub Buckwheat | Perennial partially woody herb, fire-stimulated flowering | Jan.-Nov. | ENDEMIC to c peninsular FL, from Marion Co. to Highlands Co; Status: ST, FT | Occasional in oak scrub & sandhills, yellow sand | SE, 18E, 19E |
| Polygonella basiramia (Small) Nesom & Bates (Polygonella ciliata subsp. basiramia (Small) Horton) (Delopyrum basiramium Small) | Hairy Wireweed, Tufted Wireweed | Perennial herb, short-lived | Sep.-Oct. | ENDEMIC to Lake Wales & Bombing Range Ridges, c FL: Status: SE, FE | Common in scrubby flatwoods, oak scrub & rosemary scrub, especially open sand | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7,18E,19,19E, 30,31, MacArthur |
| Polygonella polygama (Meisn.) Wunderlin var. | Jointweed | Perennial subshrub | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain NC to FL | Occasional to common in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | All upland tracts |
| Polygonella gracilis Meisn. (Delopyrum filiforme Small) (Delopyrum gracile (Meisn.) Small) | Tall Polygonella | Perennial, herb | Jul.-Nov. | SC to FL | Common in flatwoods, scrubby flatwoods, scrub, sandy firelanes & seasonal ponds | All upland Tracts |
| Polygonum hirsutum Walter (Persicaria hirsuta subsp. glabrescens (Meisn.) Small) (Persicaria hirsuta (Walter) Small) | Perennial herb | All year | Coastal Plain, NC to peninsular FL, FL panhandle & s GA | Common in sawgrass swales | Price | |
| Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. (Polygonum hydropiperoides subsp. opelousanum (Riddell ex Small) Radford et al.) (Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small) (Polygonum opelousana (Riddell ex Small) Small) (Polygonum opelousanum Riddell ex Small) | Mild Waterpepper | Perennial, colonizer | All year | Nova Scotia to British Columbia, through most of US | Occasional, swales & swamps | 18,31, Price |
| Polygonella myriophylla (Small) Horton (Dentoceras myriophylla Small) | Woody Wireweed, Small's Jointweed | Perennial, shrub, prostrate | Apr.-Jul. | ENDEMIC to Lake Wales Ridge, FL: Status: SE, FE | Rare, oak scrub on yellow sand | NE, SE |
| Polygonella robusta (Small) Nesom & Bates (Polygonella fimbriata subsp. robusta (Small) Horton) (Thysanella robusta Small) | Sandhill Wireweed | Perennial, subshrub | Aug., Dec.-Jan. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Locally common on rosemary scrub | 6,7,30,31, MacArthur |
| Rumex hastatulus Baldwin | Sheep Sorrel, Hastate-leaved Dock | Annual (winter) | Mar. | Coastal Plain, FL to TX, KS, IL | Common roadside weed | NW, NE |
| PORTULACACEAE | ||||||
| Portulaca pilosa L. | Pink Purslane | Annual | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, LA, tropical America | Common weed in lawns & gardens | SE, SW |
| Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. | Flame Flower | Nov.-Jan. | EXOTIC (Native to West Indies) | Common weed in citrus grove | SE | |
| RHAMNACEAE | ||||||
| Berchemia scandens (Hill) K. Koch | Rattan Vine | Perennial, woody vine | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain se VA to s FL & TX, n to AK, s MO, TN, Mexico, C. America | Rare, wet woods, vicinity of water treatment plant | SW |
| Sageretia minutiflora (Michx.) Mohr | Buckthorn | Perennial, shrub | Aug. | Coastal Plain NC to FL & MS | Occasional along roadsides | SE |
| ROSACEAE | ||||||
| Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) K.R. Robertson & J.B. Phipps (Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.) (Aronia atropurpurea Britton, misapplied) (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, misapplied) (Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f.) (Sorbus arbutifolia (L.) Heynh.) | Red Chokeberry | Perennial, shrub | Newfoundland, Nova Scotia to e TX & c peninsular FL | Occasional in swales & wet thickets | 18, Hufty | |
| Prunus geniculata Harper | Scrub plum | Perennial, clonal shrub | Feb.-Mar. | ENDEMIC to c FL; Status: SE, FE | Margin of rosemary scrub & scrubby flatwoods | Bald 42, Sec 30 |
| Prunus umbellata Ell. | Hog Plum | Perennial, tree | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain SC to FL & LA | Rare in scrub | Hicoria |
| Rosa bracteata Wendl. | McCartney Rose | Perennial, shrub | All year | EXOTIC (Native to China) | Locally common, hedges & edges | SW |
| Rubus argutus Link | Blackberry | Perennial, shrub | Mar.-May | Coastal Plain, VA to IL, FL & MS | Rare, edge of berm | Price |
| Rubus flagellaris Willd. | Blackberry | Perennial, shrub | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain & adjacent provinces, MA to FL, MO, | Occasional, margins of bayheads & low flatwoods | NE,NW,SW, Hufty |
| Rubus trivialis Michx. (Rubus continentalis (Focke) L.H. Bailey) (Rubus ictus L.H. Bailey) (Rubus lucidus Rydb. ex Small) (Rubus mirus L.H. Bailey) (Rubus okeechobeus L.H. Bailey) | Southern Dewberry | Perennial, shrub | Feb. | Coastal Plain & outer Piedmont, VA to s FL, w to TX, n to MO & IL | Occasional in low flatwoods | NW,SW, 18 |
| RUBIACEAE | ||||||
| Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (Cephalanthus occidentalis subsp. pubescens Raf.) | Button Bush | Perennial, shrub | Apr.-May | FL to TX, CA, Ontario, West Indies, Mexico | Occasional along lakeshore in Acer swamps | Price, Harris, Watters |
| Diodia teres Walter (Diodella rigida (Willd.) Small, misapplied) (Diodia rigida (Willd.) Cham. & Schltdl., misapplied) | Rough Buttonweed, Poor-Joe | Annual | All year | s NE to WI & LA, s to FL & TX, AK | Common along firelanes & other disturbed areas of sandy soil | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7, 18,18E,19,19E, 30,31, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Diodia virginiana L. | Buttonweed | Perennial herb | All year | Nova Scotia to MO, s to s FL & e OK & TX | Rare, edge of seasonal ponds | Hicoria |
| Galium pilosum Ait. (Galium pilosum subsp. laevicaule Weath. & S.F. Blake) (Galium pilosum subsp. puncticulosum (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray) | Bedstraw | May-Sep. | FL to TX, KS, MA, Ontario | Common in old fields | SE | |
| Galium tinctorium L. (Galium obtusum subsp. floridanum (Wiegand) Fernald) | Stiff Marsh Bedstraw | Perennial | Dec.-Apr. | Newfoundland & QU to Ontario, MI, N. England, s to FL & e TX | Occasional, ditch margins | SW |
| Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. (Oldenlandia corymbosa L.) | Annual | All year | s FL, West Indies, tropical America, Old World | Occasional along fire trails & in other disturbed areas | NE,SE,NW,SW, 18,30, 31 Hicoria | |
| Hedyotis procumbens (J.F. Gmel.) Fosberg (Houstonia procumbens (J.F. Gmel.) Standley) | Innocence, Diamondwreath | Perennial | Dec.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL & LA | Common along sandy trails, occasional in palmetto scrub | NE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,19,30,31, Hufty |
| Hedyotis uniflora (L.) Lam. (Hedyotis uniflora subsp. fasciculata (Bertol.) W.H. Lewis) (Oldenlandia fasciculata (Bertol.) Small) (Oldenlandia uniflora L.) | Annual | Aug.-Nov. | Coastal Plain Long Island to s FL, e TX, n to se MO | Occasional, margins of seasonal ponds | SW, Price | |
| Psychotria ligustrifolia (Northrop) Millsp. | Perennial, shrub | Spring-summer | s FL | Price | ||
| Psychotria nervosa Sw. (Psychotria nervosa subsp. lanceolata (Nutt.) Sarg.) (Psychotria undata Jacq.) | Wild Coffee | Perennial, shrub, frost-sensitive | Jun.-Aug. | s FL, West Indies, tropical America | Rare in swamps, planted along Loop Drive | Price, SW |
| Richardia brasiliensis Gomes | Perennial herb | All year | EXOTIC (Native to S. America): peninsular FL | Rare, margin of trails & ditches | SW | |
| Richardia scabra L. | Mexican Clover | Annual | All year | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): Coastal Plain, NC to FL & TX | Common along firelanes | NE,SE,NW,SW,6,7, 18,18E,19,19E,30, 31, Hicoria, Hufty |
| Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pavon (Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb., misapplied) | Annual | Feb.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, s FL, to LA, West Indies, C. America, S. America | Occasional in ditches | SW | |
| Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. (Borreria ocymoides (Burm. f.) DC., misapplied) | Annual | Feb.-Dec. | Coastal s FL, FL Keys, West Indies, tropical America | Occasional in ditches & wet roadsides | SW,7 | |
| SALICACEAE | ||||||
| Salix caroliniana Michx. (Salix amphibia Small) (Salix longipes Shuttlew. ex Andersson) | Carolina Willow, Willow | Perennial, shrub or small tree | Jan.-Feb. | MD, w to s IN, s IL, MO & KN, s to s FL & s c TX, | Abundant in swamps, occasional in bayheads, rare elsewhere | 19, NE, Hufty, Harris |
| SAPOTACEAE | ||||||
| Sideroxylon reclinatum (Whetstone) Kartesz & Gandhi (Bumelia microcarpa Small) | Milk Buckthorn | Perennial, shrub | Apr. | Coastal Plain, s GA & FL | Rare, roadside to Red Hill | SE |
| Bumelia reclinata var. rufotomentosa (Small) Cronquist (Bumelia rufotomentosa Small) | ||||||
| Sideroxylon tenax L. (Bumelia tenax subsp. anomala (Sarg.) Cronquist) (Bumelia anomala (Sarg.) R.B. Clark) (Bumelia lacuum Small) (Bumelia megacocca Small) (Bumelia tenax (L.) Willd.) | Tough Buckthorn | Perennial, tree or shrub | Mar.-Apr. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL | Occasional scrubby flatwoods, open oak scrub & rosemary scrub | SE, 7,30, 31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | ||||||
| Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. | False Foxglove, Gerardia | Annual, hemiparasite | Oct. | Chiefly Coastal Plain, s MD to s peninsular FL & c TX, inland to NE, AK, MO | Occasional, wire-grass palmetto flatwoods | SW |
| Agalinis filifolia (Nutt.) Raf. (Gerardia filifolia Nutt.) (Agalinis pulchella Pennell) | Gerardia | Annual | Jul.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, se GA to FL, sw AL | Locally common in burned scrubby flatwoods, occasional elsewhere | SW, 7,18, 18E, 19, 30, 31, Hufty, Price |
| Agalinis linifolia (Nutt.) Britt. | Gerardia | Perennial, rhizomatous | Sep.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, DE, NC to s FL, to s LA | Rare in swales | 7, 18 |
| Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell (Bramia monnieri (L.) Pennell) | Water Hyssop | Perennial, helophyte, rooted or free-floating | Sep. | Outer Coastal Plain, se VA to s FL & FL Keys, to c & s TX, subtropics & tropics | Occasional in drainage ditches | NW, SW |
| Buchnera americana L. (Buchnera floridana Gand.) (Buchnera elongata Sw. misapplied) (Buchnera breviflora Pennell) | Bluehearts, Hispid Hyssop | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, GA to s FL, w to MS | Occasional in open scrub | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7, 18, 18E, 19, 30,31, Hufty, MacArthur | |
| Gratiola ramosa Walter | Hedge Hyssop | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, MD, se NC to s FL, to sw LA | Common but local in low flatwoods & scrubby flatwoods | 30, Hicoria | |
| Limnophila sessiliflora Blume | Perennial, hydrophyte | Oct.-Dec. | EXOTIC(Native of Old World tropical) sw GA & FL, sporadic elsewhere | Local in drainage ditches, recently introduced and escaped from cultivation | SW | |
| Linaria floridana Chapm. | Flatwoods Toadflax | Annual | Fall-Spring | Coastal Plain, GA to FL & MS | Occasional in flatwoods, rare in scrubby flatwoods, common in fields | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7, 18, 18E, 19, 19E, 30, 31, Hufty, Price |
| Lindernia grandiflora Nutt. (Ilysanthes grandiflora (Nutt.) Benth.) | False Pimpernel | Annual or biennial | Nov.-May | se GA to s peninsular FL | Margin of seasonal ponds in low flatwoods | 30 |
| Mecardonia acuminata (Walter) Small | Perennial herb | Apr.-May | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE & MD to s FL & e TX, inland to s MO, TN | Rare, margin of palmetto-scrub | 7, 18E | |
| Mecardonia acuminata (Walter) Small var. peninsularis (Pennell) Rossow | Coastal Plain & Piedmont, DE & MD to s FL & e TX, | |||||
| Micranthemum glomeratum (Chapm.) Shinners (Hemianthus glomeratus (Chapm.) Pennell) | Annual herb, helophyte | Mar. | ENDEMIC to peninsular FL | Local in drainage ditches | SW | |
| Scoparia dulcis L. | Sweet Broom, Goat Weed | Perennial herb | Aug.-Sep. | EXOTIC (Native to tropical America): chiefly Coastal Plain, SC to s FL & LA | Occasional as a ruderal | SW, 31, Hicoria |
| Seymeria pectinata Pursh (Afzelia pectinata subsp. peninsularis Pennell var. peninsularis Pennell) (Afzelia pectinata (Pursh) Kuntze) | Seymeria | Perennial, hemiparasite | Mar.-Sep. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL & MS | Occasional in scrubby flatwoods & rosemary scrub | 7, 18, 31, Hufty, Price, MacArthur |
| SOLANACEAE | ||||||
| Physalis arenicola Kearney | Ground Cherry | May-Jun. | FL, GA & AL | Occasional, disturbed ground & roadsides | SE | |
| Physalis walteri Nutt. (Physalis viscosa L. subsp. elliottii (Kunze) Waterf.) (Physalis viscosa L. subsp. maritima (M.A. Curtis) Waterf.) (Physalis viscosa L. subsp. maritima (M.A. Curtis) Rydb.) (Physalis elliottii Kunze) (Physalis maritima M.A. Curtis) | Ground Cherry | All Year | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, tropical America | Edge of sandy road through scrubby flatwoods | SE, 18, 31, Hufty, MacArthur | |
| Solanum americanum Mill. (Solanum nigrum L., misapplied) | Soda-apple | Perennial, herb or subshrub | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NC to FL, TX, tropical America | Occasional in grassy waste places | SW |
| Solanum capsicoides All. | Common Nightshade | Aug.-Nov. | Nova Scotia to FL | Occasional, fence rows | 7, 30 31, Price | |
| THEACEAE | ||||||
| Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis | Loblolly Bay | Perennial, tree | Apr. | Coastal Plain NC to n of Lake Okeechobee, peninsular FL, w to LA | Common in bayheads, rare in swales & around margins of some seasonal ponds | SE,NW,SW,7, 18, Price |
| TURNERACEAE | ||||||
| Piriqueta caroliniana (Walter) Urban (Piriqueta caroliniana subsp. glabra (DC.) Urb.) (Piriqueta caroliniana subsp. tomentosa Urb.) (Piriqueta glabrescens Small) (Piriqueta tomentosa Kunth, misapplied) (Piriqueta virdis Small) | Piriqueta | Jun.-Oct. | Coastal Plain NC to FL, Cuba & Hispaniola | Rare, margins of turkey oak sandhills & oak scrub | SE,SW | |
| URTICACEAE | ||||||
| Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. (Boehmeria cylindrica var. drummondiana (Wedd.) Wedd.) (Boehmeria drummondiana Wedd.) (Boehmeria decurrens Small) | Bog Hemp, False Nettle | Perennial, monoecious herb | Apr.-May | Quebec & Ontario to MN, s to FL & TX | Occasional in bayheads & along drainage systems | NW,SW,NE,7, Price |
| Parietaria floridana Nutt. (Parietaria nummularia Small) | Pellitory | Annual or short-lived perennial, polygamo-monoecious | Feb.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, DE to FL, w to TX, CA, Cuba | Occasional ditch bank weed | SW |
| Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. | Artillery Plant | Perennial, dioecious or monoecious herb | Nov.-Jan. | Throughout tropical America | Common along ditch banks, especially on granite embankments | SW |
| VERBENACEAE | ||||||
| Callicarpa americana L. | Beauty Bush, Beauty Berry | Perennial, shrub | Apr.-May | MD to FL, TX, OK, Mexico, West Indies | Edges of lawns, roads & trails | SE, SW, Hufty |
| Lantana camara L. (Lantana camara subsp. aculeata Moldenke) (Lantana aculeata L.) | Shrub Verbena | Perennial, shrub | All year | Coastal Plain, GA, FL to TX, tropical & subtropical America | Edges of lawns, roads, & trails | SW, Hufty |
| Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene (Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.) | Carpet Weed Frogbit | Perennial, herb | All year | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, TX, OK, AK, MO, pantropical | Moist but disturbed areas, especially lawns & roadsides | SW, 31, Hufty |
| Verbena scabra Vahl | Harsh Verbena, Harsh Vervain | Perennial herb | May-Aug. | Coastal Plain, VA to s FL, w to Central America; n Mexico, West Indies | Roadsides, edges of drains & ditches & low flatwoods | SW, 31, Hufty |
| VIOLACEAE | ||||||
| Viola lanceolata L. (Viola lanceolata subsp. vittata (Greene) N.H. Russell) (Viola vittata Greene) | Bog White Violet, Long Leaf Violet | Perennial, acaulescent, rhizomatous & stoloniferous herb | Mar. | NJ & MN to FL & TX | Locally abundant in wet sections of pine flatwoods | NE,NW, MacArthur |
| VISCACEAE | ||||||
| Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & J.D. Johnst. (Phoradendron serotinum subsp. macrotomum (Trel.) M.C. Johnst.) (Phoradendron eatonii Trel.) (Phoradendron flavescens (Pursh) Nutt., misapplied) (Phoradendron macrotomum Trel.) (Phoradendron serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst.) | Mistletoe | Perennial, parasitic, dioecious | Sep.-Mar. | NJ to MO, s to FL & w to NM | Occasional parasite on oaks in scrubby flatwoods & oak scrub | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,19, Hicoria, Price |
| VITACEAE | ||||||
| Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne | Pepper Vine | Perennial, woody shrub or vine | Spring | MD to IL & MO, s to FL, OK, TX, West Indies | Occasional, roadsides to Red Hill & along ditch near cage areas, rare elsewhere | SE, SW |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. (Parthenocissus quinquefolia subsp. hirsuta (Pursh) Fernald) | Virginia Creeper, Woodbine | Perennial, woody vine | Spring | FL to TX, Manitoba to Quebec | Occasional, hedges, edges, fences & bayheads | NE,SE,NW,SW, 7, Hufty, Price |
| Vitis rotundifolia Michx. (Vitis rotundifolia subsp. munsoniana (J.H. Simpson ex Munson) M.O. Moore) (Muscadinia munsoniana (J.H. Simpson ex Munson) Small) (Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small) (Vitis munsoniana J.H. Simpson ex Munson) | Muscadine Grape, Southern Fox Grape | Perennial, polygamodioecious vine | Apr.-May | FL & GA | Abundant in bayheads, occasional elsewhere | NE,SE,NW,SW, 6,7,18,18E, 19,19E, Hicoria, Hufty, Price |
| Vitis shuttleworthii House (Vitis coriacea Shuttlew. ex Planch.) | Calusa Grape | Perennial, vine | Apr.-May | PA, FL, West Indies | Occasional on fences | NE, Pohlman |
| XYRIDACEAE | ||||||
| Xyris ambigua Beyr. ex Kunth | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial | Spring-Fall | Coastal Plain, s to FL | ||
| Xyris brevifolia Michx. | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial, tufted cryptophyte | Dec.-Mar. | Coastal Plain, NC to s FL, FL panhandle, s AL, to | Common on margins of seasonal ponds & low pine flatwoods | NW,SW, 31 |
| Xyris caroliniana Walter | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial, tufted cryptophyte | Oct. | Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & TX | Occasional in pine flatwoods & oak scrub, especially after burns | 6, 18, MacArthur |
| Xyris elliottii Chapm. | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial, tufted cryptophyte | Apr.-Oct. | Coastal Plain, SC to FL, w near Gulf Coast to s MS | Common on margins of seasonal ponds, lakes & swales | NW,SW,7,18, 19,31,Hicoria, Hufty, Price, Watters, MacArthur |
| Xyris fimbriata Ell. | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial, tufted cryptophyte | Summer-Fall | Coastal Plain, NJ to s FL & Gulf Coast to LA | Common in swales & seasonal ponds | 7 |
| Xyris flabelliformis Chapm. | Yellow-eyed Grass | Perennial, occasionally monocarpic | Apr.-Jun. | NC to peninsular FL, w on Gulf Coast to e LA | Common along edges of seasonal ponds | 7 |
| Xyris jupicai L. Rich. (Xyris communis Kunth.) (Xyris elata Chapm.) | Yellow-eyed Grass | Annual or perennial, occasional monocarpic | Mar. | EXOTIC (Native to Latin America): Coastal Plain, NJ to FL & TX, AK, TN | Locally common, margin of lakes, seasonal ponds & marshes | 30,31, Hufty |
~
© Archbold Biological Station, 30
November 2000; last update
22 June 2007.
Carl Weekley send
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