Florida’s
Dicerandra Mints,
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
compiler
Fred E. Lohrer
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November 1998, last revision
21 January 2008
Photo album | Web sites | Books, scientific articles,
and government documents
No bliography is ever complete. Please send your corrections, additions, or
comments to the compiler. Thank you.
Introduction. Florida has seven species of Dicerandra mints
(Lamiaceae), with four considered Endangered (E) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and
the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission; christmannii (E), cornutissima
(E), densiflora, frutescens (E), immaculata (E), linearifolia,
and thinicola. These mints are restricted to well-drained sands and, except for densiflora
and linearifolia, each is rare and has a small distribution.
Photo Album
Institute for
Systematic Botany at University of South Florida. The Institute's ATLAS OF FLORIDA VASCULAR PLANTS, redesigned in
early-2000, has county range maps and many fine photographs. The species links below will
bring you to an image page for each species, but the same image page has links for other
aspects of the species distribution and taxonomy. The genus link brings you to a set of
links for all Florida species in the genus.
ISB Photo Album: Dicerandra
species. This link brings you to the mint family. Then scroll down to Dicerandra,
OR select a species from the list below.
Shirley Denton and Biological Research Associates have
published a great Web site, Native
and Naturalized Plants of Florida, with many photos
of more than 1,500 species of Florida's plants, including
Dicerandra mints.
yellow scrub balm
Dicerandra
cornutissima long-spurred balm, Robin's mint
Dicerandra
frutescens scrub balm
Dicerandra
immaculata spotless-petaled balm
Dicerandra
linearifolia coastalplain balm
Dicerandra
linearifolia var. robustior coastalplain balm
Dicerandra
thinicola Titusville balm
Web Sites
Archbold Biological Station, Plant Lab species accounts.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The USFWS has a large Web site and the
Endangered Species
Program's section is
especially text-rich. The four, endangered Dicerandra mints have species
accounts on the USFWS Web site.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. "Florida’s Endangered Species,
Threatened Species and Species of Special Concern, Official Lists," the Game
Commission’s official list of species (on either the Federal or the State
list) is updated regularly. This site is an important reference and "spell-check"
for anyone interested in Florida’s endangered species.
FNAI (Florida Natural Areas Inventory). In 2000, FNAI published
its field guides to the rare plants and animals of Florida in both hardcopy and Internet editions.
(Chafin, L.C. 2000. Field guide to the rare plants of Florida. Florida
Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee ).
University of Florida
Herbarium (FLAS). A preliminary TYPE SPECIMEN CATALOG is now on the Web
(1998), compiled by Kent D. Perkins and Wendy Zomlefer. The Lamiaceae index includes
information for type specimens of three Dicerandra species; christmanii,
immaculata, and linearifolia.
Books, scientific
articles, and government documents
For readers at Archbold Biological Station, a set of reprints for almost all of
these references is assembled in black shelf box ( call number: 589./975.9/D) shelved in
the Library Reading Room in the Florida Reference Section (Row 14).
Chafin, L.G. 2000. Field guide to the rare plants of Florida. Florida
natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee.--Includes species accounts for D.
christmanii and D. immaculata; the book is not paginated.
Christman, S.P., and W.S. Judd. 1990. Notes on plants endemic to Florida scrub. Fla.
Sci. 53:52-73.--D. christmanii, pp. 57-59; D. frutescens, pp. 59-60.
Cooper, S.T., and D.B. Ward. [1979.] Threatened, scrub balm, Dicerandra frutescens
Shinners. Page 84 in Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume 5, Plants.
(D.B. Ward, editor). University Presses of Floria, Gainesville.
Deyrup, M., and E.S. Menges. 1997. Pollination ecology of the rare scrub mint Dicerandra
frutescens (Lamiaceae). Fla. Sci. 60:143-157.
Eisner, T., K.D. McCormick, M. Skaion, M. Eisner, S.R. Smedley, D.J. Aneshansley, M.
Deyrup, R.L. Myers, and J. Meinwald. 1990. Chemical defense of a rare mint plant.
Chemoecology 1:30-37.--D. frutescens.
Evans, M.E.K., E.S. Menges, and D.R. Gordon. 2004. Mating
systems and limits to seed production in two Dicerandra
mints endemic to Florida scrub. Biodiver. Conserv.
13:1819-1832.--D. christmanii and frutescens.
Evans, M. E. K., K. E. Holsinger, and E. S. Menges. 2008. Modeling the
effect of fire on the demography of Dicerandra frutescens spp.
frutescens (Lamiaceae), and endangered plant endemic to Florida scrub.
Population Ecology 50:53-62.
PDF file
Huck, R.B. 1981. Dicerandra cornutissima: A new woody Labiata from Florida.
Phytologia 47:313-316.
Huck, R.B.1987. Systematics and evolution of Dicerandra (Labiata).
Phanerogamarum Monographiae XIX, 343 pp. J. Cramer, Berlin.
Huck, R.B. 1997. Polyploidy: A factor in the evolution of Dicerandra Benth.
(Labiatae). Edinburg J. Bot. 54:217-229.
Huck, R.B. 2001. Two new infraspecific taxa in Florida Dicerandra
(Labiatae). Novon 11:417-420.--D. frutescens modesta from Polk Co.,
and D. immaculata savannarum from St. Lucie Co.
Huck, R.B., W.S. Judd, W.M. Whitten, J.D. Skean, R.P. Wunderlin, and K.R. DeLaney.
1989. A new Dicerandra (Labiatae) from the Lake Wales Ridge of Florida, with a
cladistic analysis and discussion of endemism. Syst. Bot. 14:197-213.---D. christmanii,
n. sp.
Kral, R. 1982. Some notes on Dicerandra (Lamiaceae). Sida 9:238-262.
Lakela, O. 1963. Dicerandra immaculata Lakela, sp. nov. (Labiatea). Sida
1:184-185.
Lowe, D.W., J.R. Matthews, and C.J. Moseley. 1990. The official World Wildlife Fund
guide to endangered species of North America. Volume 1 (1990), Plants, mammals. Volume 3
(1992). Beacham Publ. Inc., Washington, DC.--Dicerandra cornutissima, pp. 130-131; D.
frutescens, pp. 132-133; D. immaculata, pp. 134-135; D. christmanii, pp.
1235-1236.
McCormick, K.D., M.A. Deyrup, E.S. Menges, S.R. Wallace, J. Meinwald, and T. Eisner.
1993. Relevance of chemistry to conservation of isolated populations: the case of volatile
leaf compounds of Dicerandra mints. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
90:7701-7705.--Chemical analysis of essential oils of four Florida mints.
PDF
file
McDonald, D.B. and J.L. Hamrick. Genetic variation in some
scrub plants of Florida scrub. Amer. J. Bot. 83:21-27.--Dicerandra,
4 spp.
Menges, E.S. 1992. Habitat preferences and response to disturbance for Dicerandra
frutescens, a Lake Wales Ridge (Florida) endemic plant. Bull. Torrey Bot Club
119:308-313.
Menges, E.S. 1999. Ecology and conservation of Florida scrub. Pp. 7-22 in
Savannas, barrens, and rock outcrop plant communities of North America (R.C. Anderson,
J.S. Fralish, and J.M. Baskin, Eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press.--Dicerandra
spp.
Menges, E.S., R.W. Dolan, R. Yahr, and D.R. Gordon. 2001. Comparative
genetics of seven plants endemic to Florida's Lake Wales Ridge. Castanea
66:98-114.--D. christmanii and frutescens.
Menges, E. S. and N. Kohfeldt. 1995. Life history strategies of Florida
scrub plants in relation to fire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club
122:282-297.
Menges, E.S., P.J. McIntyre, M.S. Finer, E. Goss, and R. Yahr. 1999. Microhabitat of
the narrow Florida scrub endemic, Dicerandra christmanii, with comparisons to its
congener, D. frutescens. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 126:24-31.
Menges, E. S., P. F. Quintana-Ascencio, C. W. Weekley, and O. G. Gaoue.
2006. Population viability analysis and fire return intervals for an endemic
Florida scrub mint. Biological Conservation 127:115-127.--PDF
file
Miller, H.A. 1993. A new species of Dicerandra (Lamiaceae) from Florida.
Phytologia 75:185-189. D. thinicola, n. sp. from Brevard Co.
Shinners, L.H. 1962. Synopsis of Dicerandra (Labiatae). Sida 1:89-91.
Smedley, S.R., K.D. McCormick, and T. Eisner. 1990. Interaction of Pyraustra
panopealis (Pyralidae) with a newly-reported host, the endangered mint Dicerandra
frutescens (Labiatae). J. Lepidoptera Soc. 44:159-162.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. Recovery plan for three Florida mints. USFWS,
Atlanta, Georgia, 21 pp.--Dicerandra cornutissima, frutescens, and immaculata.
Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Univ. Presses of
Florida, Gainesville.--Dicerandra spp., pp 529-530.
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Lohrer, F.E. 1991. Florida’s Dicerandra mints.
Archbold Biological Station Library, Quick Bibliography QB-91.1, revised periodically,
most recent on 21 December 2008. © Archbold Biological Station, 1998 November
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