Archbold Biological Station
P.O. Box 2057 Lake Placid, Florida 33862 USA
Phone: 863-465-2571 FAX: 863-699-1927 send e-mail

Florida’s Dicerandra Mints,
A BIBLIOGRAPHY

compiler
Fred E. Lohrer  send e-mail
November 1998, last revision 6 December 2005

Photo album | Web sites | Books, scientific articles, and government documents

No bliography is ever complete. Please send your corrections, additions, or comments to the compiler. Thank you.

Introduction. Florida has seven species of Dicerandra mints (Lamiaceae), with four considered Endangered (E) by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission; christmannii (E), cornutissima (E), densiflora, frutescens (E), immaculata (E), linearifolia, and thinicola. These mints are restricted to well-drained sands and, except for densiflora and linearifolia, each is rare and has a small distribution.

Photo Album

Institute for Systematic Botany at University of South Florida. The Institute's ATLAS OF FLORIDA VASCULAR PLANTS, redesigned in early-2000, has county range maps and many fine photographs. The species links below will bring you to an image page for each species, but the same image page has links for other aspects of the species distribution and taxonomy. The genus link brings you to a set of links for all Florida species in the genus.

ISB Photo Album: Dicerandra species. This link brings you to the mint family. Then scroll down to Dicerandra, OR select a species from the list below.

Shirley Denton and Biological Research Associates have published a great Web site, Native and Naturalized Plants of Florida, with many photos of more than 1,500 species of Florida's plants, including Dicerandra mints.

Web Sites

Archbold Biological Station, Plant Lab species accounts.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The USFWS has a large Web site and the Endangered Species Program's section is especially text-rich. The four, endangered Dicerandra mints have species accounts on the USFWS Web site.

Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission. "Florida’s Endangered Species, Threatened Species and Species of Special Concern, Official Lists," the Game Commission’s official list of species (on either the Federal or the State list) is updated regularly. This site is an important reference and "spell-check" for anyone interested in Florida’s endangered species.

FNAI (Florida Natural Areas Inventory). In 2000, FNAI published its field guides to the rare plants and animals of Florida in both hardcopy and Internet editions. (Chafin, L.C. 2000. Field guide to the rare plants of Florida. Florida Natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee).

University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS). A preliminary TYPE SPECIMEN CATALOG is now on the Web (1998), compiled by Kent D. Perkins and Wendy Zomlefer. The Lamiaceae index includes information for type specimens of three Dicerandra species; christmanii, immaculata, and linearifolia.

Books, scientific articles, and government documents

For readers at Archbold Biological Station, a set of reprints for almost all of these references is assembled in black shelf box ( call number: 589./975.9/D) shelved in the Library Reading Room in the Florida Reference Section (Row 14).

Chafin, L.G. 2000. Field guide to the rare plants of Florida. Florida natural Areas Inventory, Tallahassee.--Includes species accounts for D. christmanii and D. immaculata; the book is not paginated.

Christman, S.P., and W.S. Judd. 1990. Notes on plants endemic to Florida scrub. Fla. Sci. 53:52-73.--D. christmanii, pp. 57-59; D. frutescens, pp. 59-60.

Cooper, S.T., and D.B. Ward. [1979.] Threatened, scrub balm, Dicerandra frutescens Shinners. Page 84 in Rare and endangered biota of Florida. Volume 5, Plants. (D.B. Ward, editor). University Presses of Floria, Gainesville.

Deyrup, M., and E.S. Menges. 1997. Pollination ecology of the rare scrub mint Dicerandra frutescens (Lamiaceae). Fla. Sci. 60:143-157.

Eisner, T., K.D. McCormick, M. Skaion, M. Eisner, S.R. Smedley, D.J. Aneshansley, M. Deyrup, R.L. Myers, and J. Meinwald. 1990. Chemical defense of a rare mint plant. Chemoecology 1:30-37.--D. frutescens.

Evans, M.E.K., E.S. Menges, and D.R. Gordon. 2004. Mating systems and limits to seed production in two Dicerandra mints endemic to Florida scrub. Biodiver. Conserv. 13:1819-1832.--D. christmanii and frutescens.

Huck, R.B. 1981. Dicerandra cornutissima: A new woody Labiata from Florida. Phytologia 47:313-316.

Huck, R.B.1987. Systematics and evolution of Dicerandra (Labiata). Phanerogamarum Monographiae XIX, 343 pp. J. Cramer, Berlin.

Huck, R.B. 1997. Polyploidy: A factor in the evolution of Dicerandra Benth. (Labiatae). Edinburg J. Bot. 54:217-229.

Huck, R.B. 2001. Two new infraspecific taxa in Florida Dicerandra (Labiatae). Novon 11:417-420.--D. frutescens modesta from Polk Co., and D. immaculata savannarum from St. Lucie Co.

Huck, R.B., W.S. Judd, W.M. Whitten, J.D. Skean, R.P. Wunderlin, and K.R. DeLaney. 1989. A new Dicerandra (Labiatae) from the Lake Wales Ridge of Florida, with a cladistic analysis and discussion of endemism. Syst. Bot. 14:197-213.---D. christmanii, n. sp.

Kral, R. 1982. Some notes on Dicerandra (Lamiaceae). Sida 9:238-262.

Lakela, O. 1963. Dicerandra immaculata Lakela, sp. nov. (Labiatea). Sida 1:184-185.

Lowe, D.W., J.R. Matthews, and C.J. Moseley. 1990. The official World Wildlife Fund guide to endangered species of North America. Volume 1 (1990), Plants, mammals. Volume 3 (1992). Beacham Publ. Inc., Washington, DC.--Dicerandra cornutissima, pp. 130-131; D. frutescens, pp. 132-133; D. immaculata, pp. 134-135; D. christmanii, pp. 1235-1236.

McCormick, K.D., M.A. Deyrup, E.S. Menges, S.R. Wallace, J. Meinwald, and T. Eisner. 1993. Relevance of chemistry to conservation of isolated populations: the case of volatile leaf compounds of Dicerandra mints. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7701-7705.--Chemical analysis of essential oils of four Florida mints.  PDF file

McDonald, D.B. and J.L. Hamrick. Genetic variation in some scrub plants of Florida scrub. Amer. J. Bot. 83:21-27.--Dicerandra, 4 spp.

Menges, E.S. 1992. Habitat preferences and response to disturbance for Dicerandra frutescens, a Lake Wales Ridge (Florida) endemic plant. Bull. Torrey Bot Club 119:308-313.

Menges, E.S. 1999. Ecology and conservation of Florida scrub. Pp. 7-22 in Savannas, barrens, and rock outcrop plant communities of North America (R.C. Anderson, J.S. Fralish, and J.M. Baskin, Eds.). Cambridge Univ. Press.--Dicerandra spp.

Menges, E.S., R.W. Dolan, R. Yahr, and D.R. Gordon. 2001. Comparative genetics of seven plants endemic to Florida's Lake Wales Ridge. Castanea 66:98-114.--D. christmanii and frutescens.

Menges, E. S. and N. Kohfeldt. 1995. Life history strategies of Florida scrub plants in relation to fire. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 122:282-297.

Menges, E.S., P.J. McIntyre, M.S. Finer, E. Goss, and R. Yahr. 1999. Microhabitat of the narrow Florida scrub endemic, Dicerandra christmanii, with comparisons to its congener, D. frutescens. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 126:24-31.

Menges, E. S., P. F. Quintana-Ascencio, C. W. Weekley, and O. G. Gaoue. 2006. Population viability analysis and fire return intervals for an endemic Florida scrub mint. Biological Conservation 127:115-127.--PDF file

Miller, H.A. 1993. A new species of Dicerandra (Lamiaceae) from Florida. Phytologia 75:185-189. D. thinicola, n. sp. from Brevard Co.

Shinners, L.H. 1962. Synopsis of Dicerandra (Labiatae). Sida 1:89-91.

Smedley, S.R., K.D. McCormick, and T. Eisner. 1990. Interaction of Pyraustra panopealis (Pyralidae) with a newly-reported host, the endangered mint Dicerandra frutescens (Labiatae). J. Lepidoptera Soc. 44:159-162.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. Recovery plan for three Florida mints. USFWS, Atlanta, Georgia, 21 pp.--Dicerandra cornutissima, frutescens, and immaculata.

Wunderlin, R.P. 1998. Guide to the vascular plants of Florida. Univ. Presses of Florida, Gainesville.--Dicerandra spp., pp 529-530.

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blkball.gif (842 bytes) Lohrer, F.E. 1991. Florida’s Dicerandra mints. Archbold Biological Station Library, Quick Bibliography QB-91.1, revised periodically, most recent on 6 December 2005.  © Archbold Biological Station, 1998 November  blkball.gif (842 bytes) Webmaster: Fred E. Lohrer  send e-mail